TABLE 2.
Rates of evolutionary change for the vertebrate TIMPs calculated from amino acid sequence differences between placental mammals and representatives of other vertebrate groups
| Parameter | Squamataa | Amphibia | Actinopterygii | Chondrichthye | Mean (rate)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eutherian to divergence time (Mya)c | 312 | 353 | 435 | 473 | |
| TIMP1 | |||||
| % Change | 54.7 | 55.7 | 58.7 | 65.6 | |
| Correctedd | 79.2 | 81.3 | 88.4 | 106.6 | |
| Rateb | 25.4 | 23.0 | 20.3 | 22.5 | 22.7 |
| TIMP2 | |||||
| % Change | 11.3 | 17.0 | 22.0 | 23.0 | |
| Correctedd | 12.0 | 18.6 | 24.8 | 26.1 | |
| Rate | 3.8 | 5.2 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.1 |
| TIMP3 | |||||
| % Change | 14.6 | 16.8 | 26.2 | 24.8 | |
| Correctedd | 15.7 | 18.3 | 30.3 | 28.4 | |
| Rate | 5.1 | 5.2 | 6.9 | 5.9 | 5.8 |
| TIMP4 | |||||
| % Change | 26.3 | 35.2 | 41.0 | 43.5 | |
| Correctedd | 30.5 | 43.4 | 52.8 | 57.1 | |
| Rate | 9.8 | 12.2 | 12.1 | 12.1 | 11.6 |
TIMPs used in the measurement were: Actinopterygii, Lepisosteus oculatus; Amphibia, Xenopus laevis; Chondricthyes, Callorhinchus milii; Squamata, Protobothrops mucrosquamatus and Anolis carolinensi. Because the C-terminus of the Lepisosteus TIMP2 sequence was highly deviant, TIMP2 sequences for Actinopterygii were from Scleropages formosus and Clupea harengus. bAccepted change in 100 residues per 100 million years of divergence. cDivergence times were obtained from the TimeTree website (www.timetree.org) (42). dPoisson correction for multiple substitutions at the same site –Ln(1-p), where p is the fractional change.