. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Mar 1.

Published in final edited form as: Clin Chest Med. 2019 Mar;40(1):163–177. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2018.10.010

Table (4).

Monitoring Corticosteroids using different measures: clinical, pulmonary function, and evidence of airway inflammation (75)

Clinical measures	Pulmonary function measures	Challenge techniques	Airway inflammation	Distal lung or small airways
Symptoms Exacerbations Asthma control and quality of life questionnaires	Change in FEV1 Change in % predicted FEV1, especially in children Post-bronchodilator FEV1	Airway hyperresponsiveness: methacholine, histamine, or cold air Exercise challenge	Induced sputum cytology Exhaled nitric oxide	Closing volume Imaging (air trapping) – high resolution CT scan Hyperpolarized helium FEF_25–75

Adapted from Szefler SJ, Martin RJ. Lessons learned from variation in response to therapy in clinical trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010;125(2):285-92; quiz 93-4; with permission.