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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Rev Genet. 2019 Jan;20(1):39–50. doi: 10.1038/s41576-018-0063-5

Fig. 3 ∣. NPC-mediated gene regulation.

Fig. 3 ∣

a ∣ Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) bind enhancers at the nuclear periphery to facilitate enhancer–promoter looping for gene activation. NPCs also recruit specific transcription factors (TFs) to the nuclear periphery to control gene profiles involved in cell fate. b ∣ NPCs recruit chromatin modifiers to the nuclear periphery to mediate gene repression at specific genomic loci, including ribosomal, subtelomeric and early differentiation genes. c ∣ Nucleoporin proteins (NUPs) bind the genome within the nucleus and interact with an array of proteins, including histone modifiers and RNA helicases, to regulate gene expression. d ∣ NUPs can regulate gene expression through post-transcriptional processes, such as mRNA splicing and stability. ATP-dependent RNA helicase A (DHX9) has been shown to facilitate NUP-mediated mRNA splicing, but other proteins involved in these processes still remain to be identified. m7G, 7-methylguanosine.