TABLE 1.
X-PDT agents made by coupling a nanoscintillator and a photosensitizer
| References | X-ray scintillator (emission) | Photosensitizer (absorption) | Particle size |
X-ray energetics |
Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chen and Zhang (2006) | CdS(420 nm) | Tretrakis (o-aminophenyl) porphyrin (400 nm) | — | — | Spectra |
| Clement et al. (2016) | CeF3(340 nm) | Verteporfin (370,420 nm) | 9nm | 6 MeV, 30 keV 1–6 Gy | Singlet oxygen in vitro |
| Chen et al. (2015) | SrAl2O4:Eu2+(520 nm), Silica coated | Merocyanine 540 (540 nm) | 407 nm | 50 keV 1–10 Gy | Singlet oxygen in vitro in vivo |
| Zou et al. (2014) | LaF3:Ce3+ (520 nm) PLGA encapsulated | Protoporphyrin IX (409 nm) | 2 μm | 90 keV, 3 Gy | Singlet oxygen in vitro |
| Tang et al. (2015) | LaF3:Tb (544 nm) | Rose Bengal (560 nm) | 40 nm | 75 keV | Singlet oxygen |
| Elmenoufy et al. (2015) | LaF3:Tb silica coated (540 nm) | Rose Bengal (560 nm) | 45 nm | 75 keV | Singlet Cxygen CT imaging |
| (Fabbri et al., 2012) | SiC/SiOx core/shell nanowires (545 nm) | Tetracarboxyphenyl porphyrin derivative (550 nm) | Diameter 40 nm | 6 MeV, 0.4–2 Gy | Singlet oxygen in vitro |
| Chen, Wang, et al. (2017) | LaF3:Tb (540 nm) | Meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (516 nm) | 25 nm | 80 keV | In vitro |
| Bulin et al. (2013) | Tb2O3 coated with polysiloxane (540 nm) | 5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl porphyrin (520 nm) | 10 nm | 44 keV, 11 Gy | Singlet oxygen |
| Kaščáková et al. (2015)) | GdEuC12 (595 nm) | Hypericin (590 nm) | 4.6 | 15 keV | Singlet oxygen cellular uptake |
| Lan et al. (2017) | HfnMOL (500 nm) | Ir[2,2′-bipyridine(2-phenylpyridine)2]+(355 nm) Or [Ru(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+ (450 nm) |
1.2 nmthickness | 225 keV, 2 Gy | Singlet oxygen in vitro in vivo |
| Ma, Zou, and Chen (2014) | ZnS:Cu,co (510 nm) | TBrRh123 (518 nm) | 4 nm | 120 keV, 2 Gy | In vitro |
| Zhang et al. (2015) | LiYF4:Ce (305 nm) | ZnO (290 nm) | 35 nm | 220 keV, 8 Gy | ROS production in vitro in vivo |
| Chen, Sun, et al. (2017) | LiGa5O8:Cr (720 nm) | 2,3-naphthalocyanine (775 nm) | 100 nm | 50 keV, 5 Gy | Singlet oxygen |
| Hsu et al. (2018) | NaLuF4:Gd,Eu @NaLuF4:Gd @NaLuF4:GdTb (543 nm) |
Rose Bengal (560 nm) | 25 nm | 160 keV, 5 Gy | Singlet oxygen in vitro |
| Clement, Chen, Anwer, and Goldys (2017) | Au (not determined) | Verteprofin (365, 690 nm) | 12 nm | 6 MeV, 6 Gy | Singlet oxygen in vitro |
| Sengar et al. (2018) | Y2.99Pr0.01Al5O12@SiO2(300-450 nm) | Protoporphyrin IX (408 nm) | 75 nm | 1.48 keV | Spectra |