TABLE 1.
General characteristics of participants’ first visit
| Characteristics | Men | Women | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EA | AA | EA | AA 1 | |
| Demographics | ||||
| No. of participants | 148 | 119 | 128 | 164 |
| Age (years) | 21.8 ± 3.5 | 22.8 ± 3.7 | 21.9 ± 3.0 | 22.7 ± 3.5 |
| Participants with at least two visits (%) | 125 (84.5%) | 99 (83.2%) | 105 (82.0%) | 140 (85.4%) |
| Participants with at least three visits (%) | 91 (61.5%) | 73 (61.3%) | 76 (59.4%) | 103 (62.8%) |
| Participants with at least four visits (%) | 53 (35.8%) | 38 (31.9%) | 43 (33.6%) | 43 (26.2%) |
| PWV | 7.83 ± 0.86 | 8.00±1.03 | 7.48 ± 0.84 | 8.10 ± 0.99 |
| Anthropometric measures | ||||
| Height (cm) | 178.3 ± 7.7 | 176.9 ± 5.9 | 164.8 ± 5.9 | 164.7 ± 6.8 |
| Weight (kg) | 81.4 ± 18.7 | 88.8 ± 23.2 | 74.7 ± 21.7 | 82.2 ± 25.4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 5.0 | 28.3 ± 7.2 | 27.5 ± 8.2 | 30.3 ± 9.2 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 88.6 ± 13.3 | 90.3 ± 17.5 | 86.8 ± 16.5 | 91.1 ± 18.4 |
| SSKF (mm) | 46.8 ± 21.9 | 53.5 ± 29.7 | 69.3 ± 28.9 | 76.3 ± 30.3 |
| Hemodynamic measures | ||||
| SBP (mmHg) | 115.9 ± 11.0 | 119.5 ± 10.9 | 105.8 ± 8.7 | 112.5 ± 11.9 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 61.1 ± 7.4 | 64.2 ± 7.8 | 60.7 ± 5.6 | 66.4 ± 8.7 |
| MAP (mmHg) | 79.4 ± 7.3 | 82.6 ± 7.7 | 75.7 ± 5.9 | 81.8 ± 8.9 |
| PP (mmHg) | 54.9 ± 10.4 | 55.3 ± 9.7 | 45.2 ± 7.3 | 46.1 ± 8.9 |
| Socioeconomic measures | ||||
| Mother’s education level (years)a | 13.9 ± 2.0 | 13.7 ± 1.9 | 13.8 ± 2.0 | 13.4 ± 1.8 |
| Father’s education level (years)b | 14.2 ± 2.5 | 12.7 ± 2.5 | 13.9 ± 2.1 | 13.0 ± 2.1 |
| Single-parent household, n (%)c | 22 (15.0%) | 35 (29.4%) | 15 (11.9%) | 58 (35.4%) |
| Lifestyle factors | ||||
| Smoker, n (%) | 76(51.35%) | 47 (39.50%) | 51 (39.84%) | 34 (20.73%) |
| Marijuana use, n (%) | 46(31.08%) | 29 (24.37%) | 11 (8.59%) | 16 (9.76%) |
| Drinking, n (%) | 60 (40.54%) | 26 (21.85%) | 21 (16.41%) | 17 (10.37%) |
| Physical activityd | ||||
| 1 | 14 (9.66%) | 15 (13.04%) | 40 (32.26%) | 69 (42.59%) |
| 2 | 106 (73.10%) | 84 (73.04%) | 74 (59.68%) | 85 (52.47%) |
| 3 | 25 (17.24%) | 16 (13.91%) | 10 (8.06%) | 8 (4.94%) |
AA, African American; EA, European American; MAP, mean arterial pressure PP, pulse pressure; PWV, pulse wave velocity; SSKF, the sum of the three skinfolds.
a
A total of 17 participants having missing values in mother’s education level.
b
A total of seven participants having missing values in father’s education level.
c
A total of three participants having missing values in single-parent household.
d
A total of 13 participants having missing values in physical activity (PA), PA for 5–7 days/week coded as 3, PA for 2–4 days/week coded as 2 and PA for 0–1 days/week coded as 1.