Table 4.
Association between endemic Burkitt lymphoma and IgG reactivity to P falciparum malaria antigens successfully tested in Uganda EMBLEM study.
| PfEMP group | Domain class | Binding phenotype | PfEMP1 assay | Uganda |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controls (%) | Cases (%) | OR (95% CI)a | Adjusted OR (95% CI)b | ||||
| A | CIDRαCIDRα1·1 | EPCR | PfEMP1_IT4var06 | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 24% | Ref· | – | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 24% | 0·86 (0·52–1·43) | – | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 27% | 1·02 (0·62–1·67) | – | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 25% | 0·91 (0·55–1·51) | – | |||
| X2trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·915 | – | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·893 | – | |||
| A | CIDRαCIDRα1·1 | EPCR | PfEMP1_raj116_var8 | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 23% | Ref· | – | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 24% | 0·97 (0·58–1·64) | – | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 26% | 1·02 (0·6–1·73) | – | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 27% | 1·15 (0·68–1·93) | – | |||
| X2 trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·540 | – | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·910 | – | |||
| A | CIDRαCIDRα1·8a | EPCR | PfEMP1_GA026 | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 24% | Ref· | – | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 28% | 1 (0·61–1·66) | – | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 24% | 0·81 (0·48–1·38) | – | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 25% | 0·83 (0·49–1·41) | – | |||
| X2 trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·363 | – | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·762 | – | |||
| A | CIDRαCIDRα1·6b | EPCR | PfEMP1_GA019 | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 22% | Ref· | – | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 28% | 1·05 (0·64–1·72) | – | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 29% | 1·04 (0·62–1·73) | – | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 21% | 0·8 (0·47–1·37) | – | |||
| X2trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·414 | – | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·686 | – | |||
| A | CIDRαCIDRα1·5 | EPCR | PfEMP1_1965–2 | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 12% | Ref· | Ref. | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 40% | 2·74 (1·56–4·8) | 3·91 (2·08–7·34) | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 25% | 1·95 (1·07–3·54) | 3·0 (1·5–6·01) | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 23% | 1·78 (0·96–3·28) | 3·47 (1·63–7·36) | |||
| X2 trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·544 | 0·034 | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·003 | 0·000 | |||
| A | CIDRδ | Unknown | PfEMP1_HB3var05 | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 23% | Ref· | – | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 24% | 1·04 (0·63–1·72) | – | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 28% | 1·06 (0·64–1·76) | – | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 25% | 0·91 (0·53–1·53) | – | |||
| X2 trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·731 | – | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·918 | – | |||
| A | CIDRδ | Unknown | PfEMP1_IT4var02 | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 22% | Ref· | – | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 31% | 1·18 (0·71–1·97) | – | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 25% | 0·92 (0·54–1·58) | – | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 22% | 0·86 (0·49–1·5) | – | |||
| X2 trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·349 | – | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·575 | – | |||
| B | CIDRα2·2 | CD36 | PfEMP1_IT4var24 | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 39% | Ref· | Ref. | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 25% | 0·58 (0·37–0·93) | 0·58 (0·34–0·98) | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 19% | 0·42 (0·26–0·68) | 0·48 (0·26–0·88) | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 17% | 0·37 (0·22–0·61) | 0·38 (0·19–0·77) | |||
| X2 trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·000 | 0·006 | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·000 | 0·038 | |||
| B | CIDRα3·3 | CD36 | PfEMP1_IT4var26 | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 20% | Ref· | – | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 32% | 1·55 (0·95–2·53) | – | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 22% | 0·94 (0·55–1·61) | – | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 26% | 1·1 (0·63–1·89) | – | |||
| X2 trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·698 | – | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·152 | – | |||
| B | CIDRα2·9 | PfEMP1_IT4var30 | |||||
| Q1 | 25% | 25% | Ref· | – | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 22% | 0·8 (0·48–1·33) | – | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 27% | 0·93 (0·56–1·55) | – | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 26% | 0·93 (0·55–1·56) | – | |||
| X2 trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·955 | – | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·847 | – | |||
| B | CIDRα2·4 | CD36 | PfEMP1_IT4var33 | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 34% | Ref· | Ref. | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 25% | 0·62 (0·39–1) | 0·56 (0·31–1·01) | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 24% | 0·51 (0·31–0·84) | 0·52 (0·26–1·03) | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 18% | 0·4 (0·23–0·68) | 0·41 (0·19–0·89) | |||
| X2 trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·000 | 0·033 | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·005 | 0·121 | |||
| B | CIDRα2·9 | CD36 | PfEMP1_IT4var45 | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 25% | Ref· | Ref. | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 32% | 0·99 (0·61–1·59) | 1·37 (0·76–2·46) | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 21% | 0·62 (0·37–1·05) | 1·36 (0·65–2·82) | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 22% | 0·66 (0·39–1·12) | 1·8 (0·8–4·04) | |||
| X2 trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·041 | 0·189 | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·129 | 0·521 | |||
| B | CIDRα2·9 | CD36 | PfEMP1_IT4var61 | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 22% | Ref· | – | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 24% | 0·97 (0·57–1·63) | – | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 24% | 0·95 (0·56–1·61) | – | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 30% | 1·41 (0·83–2·39) | – | |||
| X2 trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·183 | – | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·310 | – | |||
| – | – | – | GLURP_R2 | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 26% | Ref· | – | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 27% | 0·88 (0·55–1·42) | – | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 24% | 0·79 (0·48–1·3) | – | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 23% | 0·66 (0·39–1·09) | – | |||
| X2 trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·096 | – | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·420 | – | |||
| – | – | – | SE36 | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 20% | Ref· | Ref. | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 21% | 1·12 (0·67–1·9) | 1·14 (0·65–2) | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 27% | 1·47 (0·88–2·43) | 1·69 (0·98–2·92) | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 32% | 1·61 (0·98–2·65) | 1·92 (1·1–3·36) | |||
| X2 trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·032 | 0·007 | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·190 | 0·054 | |||
| – | – | – | 6NANP | ||||
| Q1 | 25% | 22% | Ref· | Ref. | |||
| Q2 | 25% | 34% | 1·23 (0·75–2) | 0·94 (0·52–1·68) | |||
| Q3 | 25% | 28% | 1·09 (0·65–1·83) | 0·94 (0·49–1·82) | |||
| Q4 | 25% | 17% | 0·62 (0·35–1·12) | 0·54 (0·26–1·15) | |||
| X2 trend (P-value) | · | · | 0·084 | 0·109 | |||
| X2Heterogeneity (3df) (P-value) | · | · | 0·056 | 0·199 | |||
a
Case-control associations with IgG reactivity to malaria antigens determined using logistic regression· IgG reactivity is coded as quartiles 0, 1, 2, and 3 estimated from MFI values in the country-specific controls, and the results are controlled for age group, proximity to water, rural urban status, and plate number in Uganda (minimally adjusted models).
b
Case-control associations with IgG reactivity to malaria antigens determined using logistic regression with additional adjustment for antigens associated with eBL at a p < 0·05 based on trend or heterogeneity analysis in the minimally adjusted models.