TABLE 4.
Multivariate models for predicting poor outcomec
| Factor | Value for clinical model |
Statistical analysis result |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical model |
Clinical model + positive toxin EIA |
Clinical model + toxin B PCR CT |
||||||
| Not poor outcome (n = 157) | Poor outcome (n = 70) | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Male gender (n [%]) | 81 (51.6) | 26 (37.1) | 1.52 (0.78–2.96) | 0.21 | 1.46 (0.74–2.9) | 0.27 | 1.51 (0.77–2.97) | 0.23 |
| CCI (median [IQR]) | 4.0 (1.0–6.0) | 5.5 (4.0–7.0) | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | 0.09 | 1.01 (0.98–1.22) | 0.09 | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | 0.10 |
| Chemotherapya (n [%]) | 12 (7.6) | 15 (21.4) | 1.96 (0.76–5.02) | 0.16 | 2.02 (0.76–5.35) | 0.15 | 2.47 (0.9–6.79) | 0.08 |
| Inflammatory bowel disease (n [%]) | 15 (9.6) | 1 (1.4) | 0.08 (0.01–0.7) | 0.02 | 0.07 (0.009–0.67) | 0.02 | 0.07 (0.009–0.65) | 0.018 |
| Solid organ transplantation (n [%]) | 19 (12.1) | 2 (2.9) | 0.18 (0.04–0.92) | 0.04 | 0.17 (0.03–0.85) | 0.03 | 0.21 (0.04–1.12) | 0.06 |
| CDI symptoms as main reason for consultationb (n [%]) | 68 (43.3) | 39 (55.7) | 3.16 (1.55–6.46) | 0.002 | 2.99 (1.44–6.22) | 0.003 | 3.02 (1.45–6.29) | 0.003 |
| Maximum no. of daily bowel movements (median [IQR]) | 5.0 (3.0–7.0) | 6.0 (4.0–8.25) | 1.07 (0.97–1.18) | 0.18 | 1.07 (0.96–1.18) | 0.21 | 1.06 (0.96–1.18) | 0.20 |
| Concomitant antibiotic during CDI-specific treatment (n [%]) | 97 (61.8) | 61 (87.1) | 4.54 (1.88–10.9) | 0.001 | 5.25 (2.12–12.98) | 0.000 | 5.11 (2.01–12.54) | 0.000 |
| Positive EIA result for A/B toxin (n [%]) | 63 (40.1) | 41 (58.6) | 2.51 (1.29–4.91) | 0.007 | ||||
| Toxin B CT of <27.55 (n [%]) | 101 (64.3) | 55 (78.6) | 2.55 (1.18–5.49) | 0.017 | ||||
a
Within the 6 months prior to the diagnosis of CDI.
b
To the primary care physician, emergency department, or outpatient facility.
c
CCI, age-adjusted Charlson comorbidity index; CDI, Clostridium difficile infection; CI, confidence interval; CT, threshold cycle; EIA, enzyme immunoassay; IQR, interquartile range; OR, odds ratio; PPI, proton pump inhibitors; SD, standard deviation. Statistically significant results are shown in bold.