Fig. 1. Inoculation of wtALSV to strawberry seedlings.

a Structure of the wtALSV. RNA1 genome encoding protease cofactor (PRO-co), NTP-binding helicase (HEL), viral protein genome-linked (Vpg), cysteine protease (C-PRO) and RNA polymerase (POL). The RNA2 genome encodes movement protein (MP), and capsid proteins Vp25, Vp20 and Vp24. An XhoI–SmaI–BamHI (XSB) cloning site was inserted in the plasmid clone of the RNA2 genome, between MP and Vp25. b Strawberry seedlings grown on soil in a plug tray. c Strawberry seedling aseptically grown on solid medium. Open arrowheads in b and c indicate expanded true leaves in which gold particles were bombarded. d RT-PCR assay of ALSV infection to strawberry. #1 through #5 indicate independent strawberry seedlings grown in vitro and inoculated with wtALSV. Symbols, I and U, indicate inoculated leaves and uninoculated upper leaves, respectively. Non-inoculated strawberry plant (N) and wtALSV-infected Chenopodium quinoa plant (P) were also analysed as controls