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. 2018 Mar 19;16(2):178–194. doi: 10.1038/cmi.2017.168

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© The Author(s) 2018

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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Cell surface heparan sulfate is necessary for gp120-mediated induction of IFNβ. Confluent endometrial epithelial monolayers were pretreated with heparinase III for 1 h before exposure with medium (mock), gp120 (100 ng/ml) or treated with heparan sulfate in the presence of gp120 treatment. Apical (a) and basolateral (b) supernatant were collected and analyzed for IFNβ production. Data are representative of three experiments from three different tissues, each performed in triplicate. Data are represented as mean±s.d. *P<0.05, ***P<0.001. IFNβ, interferon-β.