Table 1.
CERONCO tumour dynamics parameters and derived-therefrom tumour features, along with literature-defined typical values and plausible value ranges. Citations to indicative articles are provided. “Typical values” (when available) refer to the most commonly used values in the relevant literature, and usually (but not in all studies) correspond to mean values.
| Model parameter | Description | Literature-based approximate value range, Typical values | Indicative references |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tc (h) | Cell cycle duration | 16–70 Typical: 24–26 |
41– 43 |
| TG0 (h) | G0 duration | 96–240 | 25, 44 |
| TN (h) | Necrosis duration | 34–3456 | 5, 6, 45, 46 |
| TA (h) | Apoptosis duration | 0–25 | 47 |
| NLIMP | Number of LIMP (Limited Mitotic Potential) cell mitoses before terminal differentiation | Up to 18 | 46, 48 |
| α (Gy−1) | Alpha parameter of the LQ model | 0.01–0.7 Typical: 0.3 |
6, 14, 19, 41, 49 |
| β (Gy−2) | Beta parameter of the LQ model | 0.001–0.06 Typical α/β = 10 Gy |
49, 50 |
| OER | Oxygen Enhancement Ratio | 1.5–3.0 Typical: 2 |
14, 23 |
| T1/2 (h) | Sublethal damage repair half-time | 0.26–5.7 Typical: 1.5 |
19, 22, 23, 49, 50 |
| CKR cisplatin | Cisplatin Cell Kill Rate (fraction of stem and LIMP cells lethally hit at each drug administration) | 0–0.86 | 14, 15, 51 |
| RA (h−1) | Spontaneous apoptosis rate of stem and LIMP cells (fraction of stem and LIMP cells dying through spontaneous apoptosis per hour) | 0.0004–0.008 | 48 |
| RNDiff (h−1) | Necrosis rate of differentiated cells (fraction of differentiated cells dying through necrosis per hour) | — | — |
| RADiff (h−1) | Spontaneous apoptosis rate of differentiated cells (fraction of differentiated cells dying through spontaneous apoptosis per hour) | 0.09–0.104 | 48 |
| PG0toG1 (h−1) | Fraction of dormant cells that re-enter cell cycle per hour | 0.01–0.06 | |
| Psleep | Fraction of stem and LIMP cells entering G0 phase after mitosis | 0.0–1.0 | 11, 44 |
| Psym | Fraction of stem cells at mitosis that perform symmetric division | 0.2–0.66 | 11, 46 |
| Tumour characteristic | Literature-based approximate value range, Typical values | ||
| Tumour Volume Doubling Time Td (days) | 20–3750 Typical: 80–300 |
35, 36, 42 | |
| Growth fraction GF (percentage of proliferating tumour cells over total living tumour cells) (%) | 4.1–97.8% Typical: 40–50% |
26– 28 | |
| Hypoxic fraction (percentage of hypoxic tumour cells over total tumour cells) (%) | 0–99.2% Typical: 30–60% |
5, 25, 26, 29, 30 | |
| Apoptotic fraction (percentage of apoptotic tumour cells over all living tumour cells) (%) | 0–6.8% Typical: 1% |
27, 28, 51 | |
| Stem cell fraction (percentage of tumour stem cells over all living tumour cells) (%) | 0.13–7% Typical: 1% |
16, 17, 52– 54 | |