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. 2019 Jan 31;9:1099. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37715-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Dynamics and Gene Ontology analysis of genes that are enriched in astrocytes. (A) Heat map of astrocyte genes differentially expressed across excised hippocampal CA1 and cerebellar granule layer tissue in infections of mice with RML scrapie and BSE prions at one or more time-point after unsupervised hierarchical clustering (n = 4–6 for each time-point). (B) Bar chart shows the number of astrocyte genes differentially expressed across excised hippocampal CA1 and cerebellar granule layer tissue in infections of mice with RML scrapie and BSE prions. The log ratio for each gene was binned in 0.1 increments along the x axis, and the number of genes in each bin on the y-axis. (C) IPA analysis shows the top 20 canonical pathways that were deregulated by astrocyte enriched genes at the clinical end-point of disease. The color of the bars indicates predicted pathway activation based on z-score (orange = activation; blue = inhibition; gray = no prediction can be made; white = z-score close to 0). The horizontal yellow line indicates the p-value threshold. Fisher’s exact test, right-tailed, was used to calculate negative log of p-value. (D) IPA analysis shows the top 10 predicted upstream regulators of astrocyte gene expression at the clinical end-point of disease based on z-score.