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. 2019 Jan 31;9:1044. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-38026-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bacterial vitality after plasma treatment. (Color in online). (a) CFU number of bacteria after N₂ and air plasma treatment with or without regeneration in new media. (b) Comparison of bacterial growth measured as cell density (absorbance at 600 nm) during incubation time. (c) Bacteria incubated on Swarm assay media (LB medium, 0.5% agar with 1% TTC solution) plates for indicated time at 30 °C (left) and comparison of the diameter of swimming (moving) zone (right). Staphylococcus aureus, a non-motile bacterium, was used as a negative control. Pink color (left picture) is due to the production of formazan as a result of the reduction of TTC by bacterial metabolism, and therefore indicates the presence of live bacteria. B: untreated B. subtilis CB-R05, PB: plasma treated (air plasma for 3 min) B. subtilis CB-R05. All measurements were made in 3 or more than 3 replicates. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.