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. 2019 Jan 31;9:1022. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-37395-9

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Expansion of liver DX5⁻ natural killer (NK) cells at the late phase after islet transplantation (IT). Phenotypic alteration of TCRβ⁻ NK1.1⁺ NK cells in the liver from diabetic C57BL/6 (B6) mice was analysed 14 days (n = 6, 3 independent experiments) or 35 days (n = 8, 6 independent experiments) after intraportal IT of syngeneic 300 islets. The data from transplanted diabetic mice are compared with the data from control diabetic B6 mice (open circles; control diabetic B6 mice, closed circles; transplanted diabetic mice). Diabetic B6 mice treated with streptozotocin 7 days before were used as recipients. (A) The absolute number of NK cells obtained from the whole livers of diabetic mice that were transplanted with 300 islets. ^***p < 0.001, compared with control. (B,C) Proportion of DX5⁻ NK cells in total NK cells and the absolute number of DX5⁻ NK cells obtained from the whole liver of diabetic mice that were transplanted with 300 islets. ^***p < 0.001, compared with control. (D) The absolute number of DX5⁺ NK cells obtained from the whole liver of diabetic mice that were transplanted with 300 islets. ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001, compared with control. (E–G) The proportion of liver NK cells positive for markers at the indicated time points. ^*p < 0.05; ^**p < 0.01; ^***p < 0.001, compared with control.