Table 2.
Differences in mood instability indexes reflecting self-monitored illness activity in patients with bipolar disorder type I and type II using smartphones (bipolar disorder type I serve as reference), N = 84
| Model 1a | Model 2a | Model 3a | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B | 95% CI | p | B | 95% CI | p | B | 95% CI | p | |
| A: Mood instability factor (MIF) | − 0.19 | − 0.50; 0.025 | 0.51 | − 0.25 | − 0.81; 0.32 | 0.38 | − 0.33 | − 0.91; 0.26 | 0.27 |
| B: Mood instability factor for depression (MIFD) | 0.24 | − 0.025; 0.50 | 0.076 | 0.25 | 0.011; 0.51 | 0.061 | 0.27 | 0.007; 0.53 | 0.044 |
| C: Mood instability factor for mania (MIFM) | − 0.11 | − 0.46; 0.24 | 0.53 | − 0.15 | − 0.50; 0.20 | 0.40 | − 0.20 | − 0.60; 0.20 | 0.32 |
| D: Mood symptomatic factor for depression (MSFD) | 0.30 | − 0.37; 0.98 | 0.37 | 0.26 | − 0.39; 0.92 | 0.43 | 0.26 | − 0.39; 0.92 | 0.26 |
| E: Mood symptomatic factor for mania (MSFM) | − 0.24 | − 0.49; 0.025 | 0.076 | − 0.24 | − 0.52; 0.029 | 0.080 | − 0.33 | − 0.64; − 0.021 | 0.037 |
| F: Mood intensity factor for depression (MIntFD) | 0.36 | − 0.72; 1.43 | 0.51 | 0.29 | 0.75; 1.34 | 0.58 | 0.29 | 0.75; 1.34 | 0.58 |
| G: Mood intensity factor for mania (MIntFM) | − 0.24 | 0.50; 0.025 | 0.076 | − 0.24 | − 0.50; 0.023 | 0.073 | − 0.29 | − 0.56; − 0.10 | 0.042 |
| H: Mood instability score (MIS) | 0.037 | − 0.53; 0.61 | 0.90 | − 0.064 | − 0.66; 0.53 | 0.83 | − 0.064 | − 0.66; 0.53 | 0.83 |
Italic values indicate statistical significance level (p value)
A: MIF = number of mood changes/number of weeks followed; B: MIFD = number of mood changes of depressive polarity/number of weeks followed; C: MIFM = number of mood changes of manic polarity/number of weeks followed; D: MSFD = number of days with depressive symptoms < − 0.5 on a mood scale from − 3 to + 3/number of weeks followed; E: MSFM = number of days with manic symptoms > 0.5 on a mood scale from − 3 to + 3/number of weeks followed; F: MIntFD: the summaric score of depressive symptoms/number of weeks followed; G: MintFM: the summaric score of manic symptoms/number of weeks followed; H: MIS: scores were computed for each user by applying the root mean square successive difference (rMSSD) method, taking the square root of the sum of the squared differences between daily and previous day mood scores
aModel 1: unadjusted. Model 2: adjusted for age and gender. Model 3: adjusted for age, gender, illness duration and psychopharmacological treatment (anticonvulsant treatment yes/no, antipsychotics treatment yes/no, antidepressant treatment yes/no, lithium treatment yes/no)