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. 2018 Dec 4;29(2):136–150. doi: 10.1038/s41422-018-0120-9

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Regulation of tumor growth by RNF152 or USP4 in an mTOR-dependent manner. a, b RNF152 knockdown promoted SW620 tumor cell growth in a xenograft model (n = 6 per group). The diameter of the tumor was measured every 2 days after 14 days of injection. Tumors were obtained on the 28th day after injection and the weight of the tumors were measured (b). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (a) or one-way ANOVA (b). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ***P < 0.001. ns not significant. c mTORC1 activation was tested in the tumor samples. d–f Rheb-WT or Rheb-K8R mutant was expressed stably in control or USP4 deficient SW620 cells and then the cells were injected into nude mice subcutaneous. The volume (d) and weight (e) of tumors, and the mTORC1 activation (f) in tumor samples were shown. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (d) or one-way ANOVA (e) P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001, respectively. ns not significant. g, h The effects of Vialinin A on tumor growth were examined by injecting HCT116 cells into nude mice (n = 6 per group). Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA (g) or Student’s t test (h). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ***P < 0.001. i The effect of Vialinin A on the phosphorylation of S6 was examined in tumor samples from the xenografts of nude mice induced by the injection of HCT116 cells. j Representative images of colon tumors in mice on the 60th day after injection of azoxymethane. k, l Number (k) and size (l) of colon tumors in wildtype (n = 6) and USP4^−/− (n = 6) mice. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test (k). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ***P < 0.001. m The expression level of RNF152 in colon cancers based on the TCGA database. Data were analyzed by Student’s t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. ***P < 0.001,