Table 3.
Pro-apoptotic compounds isolated from marine algae.
| Compound | Mitochondrial Pathway | Death Receptor Pathway | Caspases | Other Pathways |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cyanobacteria | ||||
| Apotoxin A | 3 and 7 | |||
| Lagunamide A-C | ✔ | |||
| Dolastatin 10 | ✔ | |||
| Symplostatin 1 | 3 | Bcl-2 | ||
| Kanamienamide | 3 and 7 | |||
| C-phycocyanin | ✔ | ✔ | 3 | NF-κB/MAPK/AKT |
| Cryptophycin 52 | 3 and 1 | p53/Bcl-2 | ||
| Cryptophycin 1 | 3 | |||
| NoA | 3 and 7 | |||
| Coibamide A | 3 | |||
| Chlorophytes | ||||
| C. vulgaris extracts | ✔ | 3, 8 and 9 | p53/Bcl-2/BAX | |
| C. sorokiniana extracts | ✔ | Bcl-2 | ||
| D. salina extracts | ✔ | 8 | p53/BAX | |
| Astaxanthin | NF-κB | |||
| Siphonaxanthin | 3 | Bcl-2 | ||
| Clerosterol | ✔ | 3 and 9 | Bcl-2/BAX | |
| Ulvans | ✔ | 3 and 9 | p53/Bcl-2/BAX | |
| GLP | ✔ | 3 and 9 | ||
| Rhodophyta | ||||
| Obtusol | 6 | |||
| Elatol | 2, 4, 6, 8 and 9 | p53/Bcl-XL/eIF4A1 | ||
| Laurinterol | 3 | p53 | ||
| Mertensene | 3 | MAPK/AKT/NF-κB | ||
| λ and ϊ-carrageenans | ✔ | 3 and 9 | Bcl-2/BAX | |
| ECS | 3, 8 and 9 | Bcl-2/BAX | ||
| TDB | 3 | Bcl-2/p53 | ||
| ESA | 3 | |||
| Phaeophyta | ||||
| F. vesciculous Fucoidans | ✔ | 3, 8 and 9 | Bcl-2/Bcl-XL/MAPK | |
| U. Pinnatifida Fucoidans | ✔ | ✔ | 3, 8 and 9 | p38/AKT/ROS Bax/Bcl-2/β-cat |
| Laminarans | ✔ | ✔ | 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 | IGF-IR |
| Fucoxanthin | ✔ | 3 and 9 | NF-κB/AP-1/ROS/Bcl-XL | |
| BDDE | ✔ | 3 and 9 | Bax/Bcl-2/ROS | |
| LJGP | ✔ | 3, 8 and 9 | p27/Bcl-2 | |
| Diphlorethohydroxycarmalol | ✔ | Bcl-2 |