. 2019 Jan 18;11(1):195. doi: 10.3390/nu11010195

Table 2.

Bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) characteristics in 163 untrained participants categorized by body fat%, body mass index (BMI) and fat mass index (FMI) classifications.

	Body Fat%		Body Mass Index				Fat Mass Index
	NA (n = 83)	HA/Ob (n = 80)	U (n = 9)	NW (n = 53)	Ov (n = 54)	Ob (n = 47)	FD (n = 8)	NW (n = 53)	EF (n = 62)	Ob (n = 40)
BMC (g)
Total	2404 ± 499 ^a	2532 ± 528 ^a	2000 ± 348 ^a	2280 ± 401 ^a	2603 ± 599 ^b	2609 ± 443 ^b	2123 ± 370 ^a	2324 ± 457 ^a	2540 ± 566 ^b	2609 ± 469 ^b
Thoracic	111 ± 28 ^a	127 ± 32 ^b	91 ± 16 ^a	107 ± 22 ^a	129 ± 37 ^b	127 ± 28 ^b	89 ± 18 ^a	111 ± 29 ^b	124 ± 32 ^c	129 ± 30 ^c
Lumbar	66 ± 17 ^a	66 ± 17 ^a	59 ± 18 ^a	64 ± 15 ^a	69 ± 20 ^a	67 ± 16 ^a	62 ± 18 ^a	65 ± 14 ^a	68 ± 20 ^a	67 ± 16 ^a
Pelvis	267 ± 78 ^a	260 ± 82 ^a	219 ± 69 ^a	250 ± 68 ^a	267 ± 93 ^a	283 ± 74 ^a	228 ± 78 ^a	259 ± 72 ^a	262 ± 86 ^a	280 ± 80 ^a
Dominant
Ribs	95 ± 26 ^a	115 ± 29 ^b	74 ± 13 ^a	87 ± 21 ^a	108 ± 26 ^b	128 ± 24 ^c	79 ± 15 ^a	88 ± 20 ^a	106 ± 28 ^b	130 ± 28 ^c
Arm	162 ± 40 ^a	178 ± 46 ^b	132 ± 16 ^a	156 ± 34 ^ab	180 ± 50 ^bc	181 ± 42 ^c	140 ± 24 ^a	159 ± 39 ^a	175 ± 47 ^b	182 ± 42 ^b
Leg	452 ± 114 ^a	479 ± 119 ^a	363 ± 59 ^a	424 ± 93 ^a	494 ± 130 ^b	499 ± 108 ^b	391 ± 61 ^a	435 ± 107 ^a	481 ± 123 ^b	495 ± 115 ^b
Non-Dominant
Ribs	96 ± 27 ^a	108 ± 33 ^b	72 ± 14 ^a	87 ± 17 ^a	107 ± 30 ^b	118 ± 33 ^c	77 ± 16 ^a	88 ± 19 ^a	106 ± 30 ^b	117 ± 35 ^c
Arm	154 ± 38 ^a	170 ± 51 ^b	123 ± 15 ^a	147 ± 32 ^a	175 ± 50 ^b	172 ± 50 ^b	131 ± 19 ^a	151 ± 38 ^a	169 ± 47 ^b	173 ± 52 ^b
Leg	438 ± 121 ^a	460 ± 129 ^a	352 ± 69 ^a	407 ± 96 ^a	486 ± 142 ^b	471 ± 123 ^b	378 ± 69 ^a	418 ± 112 ^a	471 ± 132 ^b	469 ± 131 ^b
BMD (g/cm²)
Total	1.190 ± 0.121 ^a	1.206 ± 0.139 ^a	1.097 ± 0.076 ^a	1.160 ± 0.108 ^a	1.227 ± 0.156 ^b	1.227 ± 0.111 ^b	1.136 ± 0.077 ^a	1.173 ± 0.119 ^a	1.209 ± 0.148 ^a	1.225 ± 0.118 ^a
Thoracic	1.001 ± 0.147 ^a	1.084 ± 0.175 ^b	0.909 ± 0.083 ^a	0.978 ± 0.123 ^ab	1.060 ± 0.190 ^bc	1.118 ± 0.153 ^c	0.944 ± 0.075 ^a	0.999 ± 0.135 ^a	1.038 ± 0.188 ^a	1.125 ± 0.151 ^b
Lumbar	1.001 ± 0.148 ^a	1.149 ± 0.198 ^a	1.068 ± 0.152 ^a	1.125 ± 0.164 ^a	1.161 ± 0.229 ^a	1.177 ± 0.182 ^a	1.118 ± 0.168 ^a	1.136 ± 0.151 ^a	1.144 ± 0.232 ^a	1.178 ± 0.198 ^a
Pelvis	1.001 ± 0.149 ^a	1.266 ± 0.177 ^a	1.009 ± 0.095 ^a	1.172 ± 0.156 ^a	1.270 ± 0.187 ^b	1.322 ± 0.161 ^b	1.100 ± 0.132 ^a	1.201 ± 0.163 ^a	1.256 ± 0.184 ^ab	1.310 ± 0.169 ^b
Dominant
Ribs	0.711 ± 0.089 ^a	0.713 ± 0.100 ^a	0.650 ± 0.062 ^a	0.691 ± 0.081 ^a	0.724 ± 0.116 ^a	0.731 ± 0.078 ^a	0.690 ± 0.070 ^a	0.702 ± 0.089 ^a	0.711 ± 0.111 ^a	0.729 ± 0.078 ^a
Arm	0.797 ± 0.132 ^a	0.848 ± 0.154 ^b	0.700 ± 0.025 ^a	0.786 ± 0.127 ^ab	0.842 ± 0.164 ^bc	0.863 ± 0.133 ^c	0.715 ± 0.052 ^a	0.801 ± 0.155 ^ab	0.829 ± 0.144 ^bc	0.860 ± 0.132 ^c
Leg	1.209 ± 0.172 ^a	1.254 ± 0.179 ^a	1.090 ± 0.052 ^a	1.166 ± 0.180 ^a	1.267 ± 0.177 ^b	1.291 ± 0.148 ^b	1.126 ± 0.061 ^ab	1.183 ± 0.191 ^a	1.245 ± 0.169 ^ab	1.293 ± 0.159 ^b
Non-Dominant
Ribs	0.716 ± 0.102 ^a	0.714 ± 0.083 ^a	0.628 ± 0.064 ^a	0.693 ± 0.085 ^ab	0.730 ± 0.111 ^bc	0.740 ± 0.067 ^c	0.672 ± 0.057 ^a	0.702 ± 0.098 ^a	0.718 ± 0.104 ^a	0.736 ± 0.069 ^a
Arm	0.769 ± 0.119 ^a	0.817 ± 0.128 ^b	0.685 ± 0.035 ^a	0.735 ± 0.075 ^a	0.823 ± 0.149 ^b	0.844 ± 0.115 ^b	0.700 ± 0.036 ^a	0.750 ± 0.103 ^a	0.808 ± 0.141 ^b	0.843 ± 0.112 ^c
Leg	1.200 ± 0.214 ^a	1.251 ± 0.169 ^a	1.076 ± 0.061 ^a	1.180 ± 0.145 ^ab	1.268 ± 0.196 ^bc	1.254 ± 0.233 ^c	1.108 ± 0.077 ^a	1.199 ± 0.159 ^ab	1.225 ± 0.243 ^bc	1.283 ± 0.149 ^c
Z-score	0.91 ± 1.11 ^a	1.07 ± 0.98 ^a	0.03 ± 0.83 ^a	0.67 ± 1.06 ^a	1.25 ± 0.90 ^b	1.25 ± 1.03 ^b	0.46 ± 0.55 ^a	0.77 ± 1.11 ^a	1.10 ± 0.97 ^a	1.22 ± 1.08 ^a
T-score	0.68 ± 1.22 ^a	0.73 ± 1.32 ^a	−0.09 ± 0.91 ^a	0.34 ± 1.17 ^a	0.80 ± 1.32 ^ab	1.17 ± 1.20 ^b	0.29 ± 0.77 ^a	0.48 ± 1.20 ^a	0.70 ± 1.34 ^a	1.11 ± 1.27 ^a

Note: Data are the mean ± standard deviation. Group significant differences are highlighted in bold. Labelled Body Fat%, BMI and FMI pairwise means in a row without a common letter (^{a b c}) differ, p < 0.05. Non-parametric tests are highlighted in grey shading. Abbreviations: EF, Excess Fat; FD, Fat Deficit; HA, High Adipose; NA, Normal Adipose; NW, Normal Weight; Ob, Obese; Ov, Overweight; U, Underweight.