Figure 2.

Protective role of GSPE treatment on AFB₁-induced mRNA expression levels of the pro-inflammatory genes in the spleen of broilers. The mRNA expression of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. All data were expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6). Different symbols among groups indicate significant difference by LSD test (p < 0.05). * (p < 0.05) significant differences compared to the control group and ^ (p < 0.05) significant differences compared to the AFB₁ group. (A) Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α); (B) interferon gamma (IFN-γ); (C) interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β); (D) interleukin 6 (IL-6).