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. 2018 Dec 21;8(1):6. doi: 10.3390/cells8010006

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Summary of the physiological functions of DIFs 1 and 2 in Dictyostelium discoideum and the biological activities of DIF derivatives in other organisms. DIFs 1 and 2 function as inducers of stalk-cell differentiation (autophagic cell death: ACD) and as modulators of chemotactic cell movement in D. discoideum (purple rectangles). DIF derivatives have various biological activities in mammalian cells (yellow, orange and green ellipses) and in Xenopus oocytes and Trypanosoma cruzi (pale yellow rectangles).