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. 2019 Jan 17;8(1):64. doi: 10.3390/cells8010064

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Carnosine suppresses the Aβ1-42-induced mRNA expression levels of iNOS, Nox1, and Nox2 and increases the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA. Effects of Aβ1-42 and carnosine (Aβ1-42 + Car (co-treat.) and Aβ1-42 + Car (co-inc.)) on (A) iNOS, (B) Nox1, (C) Nox2, and (D) TGF-β1 mRNAs expression were examined by qRT-PCR. The abundance of each mRNA of interest was expressed relative to the abundance of GAPDH-mRNA, as an internal control. As a negative control, a reaction in the absence of cDNA (no template control, NTC) was performed. qRT-PCR amplifications were performed in quadruplicate. Standard deviations are represented by vertical bars. * significantly different from resting cells, p < 0.001, ** significantly different from resting cells, p < 0.05, *** significantly different from resting cells, p < 0.01, ɸ significantly different from oAβ1-42-treated cells, p < 0.001, ɸɸ significantly different from oAβ1-42-treated cells, p < 0.05, ɸɸɸ significantly different from oAβ1-42-treated cells, p < 0.01, ϯ significantly different from oAβ1-42 + Car (co-treat.)-treated cells, p < 0.001, ∫ significantly different from Aβ1-42 + Car (co-inc.)-treated cells, p < 0.001.