| DTC | differentiated thyroid cancer |
| PTC | papillary thyroid cancer |
| FTC | follicular thyroid cancer |
| MTC | medullary thyroid cancer |
| ATC | anaplastic thyroid cancer |
| RET | rearranged during transfection |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| RA | retinoic acid |
| RAR | retinoic acid receptor |
| CSCs | cancer stem cells |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor |
| TGF-α | transforming growth factor alpha |
| TKI | tyrosine kinase inhibitor |
| PDT | photodynamic therapy |
| PS | photosensitizers |
| HIF-1 | hypoxia inducible factor-1 |
| HRE | hypoxia response element |
| MMP-9 | matrix metallopeptidase 9 |
| COX-2 | cyclooxygenase-2 |
| ERK | extracellular signal-regulated kinase |
| EMT | epithelial-mesenchymal transition |
| NF-κB | nuclear factor-κB |
| EGCG | epigallocatechin-3-gallate |
| NIS | Na+/I-symporter |
| Hsp | heat shock protein |
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor |