Table 2.
Trends over time in daily total purchases and by NOVA food groups in Mexican households (ENIGH 1984–2016).
| 1984 | 1992 | 2000 | 2008 | 2016 | Linear Trend Coefficient (10-Year Increase) |
Adjusted Linear Trend Coefficient a (10-Year Increase) |
Relative Change (2016 vs. 1984) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total expenditure b, MXN/AE/day | 30.6 | 30.2 | 25.8 | 25.9 | 27.3 | −1.06 * | −2.79 * | −10.78% |
| Total volume, g/AE/day | 1228.2 | 1195.9 | 1259.0 | 1162.6 | 1132.3 | −28.58 * | −69.12 * | −7.81% |
| Unprocessed or minimally processed foods c | ||||||||
| % consumers | 99.5 | 99.5 | 99.0 | 98.9 | 98.9 | −0.20 * | −0.19 * | −0.60% |
| % expenditure | 72.8 | 71.4 | 66.9 | 64.6 | 64.0 | −3.08 * | −2.07 * | −12.09% |
| % volume | 78.7 | 75.8 | 71.8 | 68.0 | 67.3 | −3.94 * | −2.95 * | −14.48% |
| Processed culinary ingredients d | ||||||||
| % consumers | 70.0 | 64.4 | 62.3 | 49.7 | 46.4 | −8.32 * | −8.31 * | −33.71% |
| % expenditure | 7.6 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 3.1 | −0.97 * | −0.72 * | −59.21% |
| % volume | 5.9 | 5.1 | 4.8 | 3.6 | 3.3 | −0.88 * | −0.69 * | −44.06% |
| Processed foods e | ||||||||
| % consumers | 65.4 | 67.4 | 70.5 | 74.4 | 70.9 | 1.67 * | 1.68 * | 8.40% |
| % expenditure | 6.3 | 7.0 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 0.26 * | 0.08 * | 22.22% |
| % volume | 4.5 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 0.24 * | 0.04 * | 6.67% |
| Ultra-processed foods f | ||||||||
| % consumers | 82.9 | 85.5 | 92.3 | 95.6 | 95.0 | 3.91 * | 3.91 * | 14.60% |
| % expenditure | 13.4 | 17.2 | 21.7 | 24.3 | 25.2 | 3.80 * | 2.71 * | 88.05% |
| % volume | 10.9 | 15.1 | 19.5 | 24.1 | 24.6 | 4.58 * | 3.60 * | 125.70% |
a Adjusted by household size, household composition, head of household educational level, women’s occupation, household income, residence area and region. b Expenditure deflated by the national consumer price index (NCPI) of November 2016. c Includes corn tortillas; milk; red meat; cereals; fruits; poultry and game; beans; eggs; vegetables; corn; starchy vegetables; coffee and tea; and other unprocessed or minimally processed foods (dry peppers, lentils, chickpeas, nuts and almonds without salt and spices). d Includes oils and fats; sweeteners; and other processed culinary ingredients (salt, Mexican “mole” and vinegar). e Includes bread; cheeses; processed meat; and other processed foods (canned legumes, vegetables and fruits, salted nuts and seeds and Mexican cheeses). f Includes cookies, pastries and sweet bread; carbonated sugar-sweetened beverages; salty snacks; industrialized tortillas; and bread, candies and sweets; yoghurt and milk-based beverages; sausages and other ultra-processed meats; non-carbonated sugar sweetened beverages; and other ultra-processed foods (baby food products, ice cream, pizza, ultra-processed cheeses and dressings). * p < 0.05 for linear coefficient to test if there was any significant change for every 10 years.