Figure 3.

Penalized smoothing splines showing the relationship between DPI and PEW. DPI, dietary protein intake; PEW, protein energy wasting; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; T, tertile. The upper (≥2.36 g/kg/day) and lower 1% (<0.5 g/kg/day) of DPI were truncated. The red line indicates the OR and the black dotted line indicates the 95% CI for which DPI influences PEW components by three or more. OR and 95% CI were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression analysis including age, sex, current smoking, alcohol drinking, hypertension, diabetes, causes of chronic kidney disease, urine protein to creatinine ratio, blood urea nitrogen, estimated glomerular filtration rate, bilirubin, hemoglobin, and high sensitivity C-reactive protein.