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. 2018 Dec 20;17(1):2. doi: 10.3390/md17010002

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© 2018 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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¹H-NMR metabolomics for SpD-treated AC16 cells. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that metabolites from the SpD-treated (10 μM, 24 h) group were significantly different from those in the control group; (B) Heat-map analysis of metabolites with variable importance in projection (VIP) score > 1.0. The logarithmic fold changes are shown below. GPC, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; (C) The loading plots from orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) for SpD metabolites compared with the control group.

¹H-NMR metabolomics for SpD-treated AC16 cells. (A) Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that metabolites from the SpD-treated (10 μM, 24 h) group were significantly different from those in the control group; (B) Heat-map analysis of metabolites with variable importance in projection (VIP) score > 1.0. The logarithmic fold changes are shown below. GPC, sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; (C) The loading plots from orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) for SpD metabolites compared with the control group.