Figure 7.

SpD showed antioxidant activity in AC16 cells treated with H₂O₂ or cobalt chloride and hyperglycemic stress. (A) Reactive oxygen species generation was induced in AC16 cells using 1 mM H₂O₂ and SpD (0–10 μM) was co-treated for 24 h. * p < 0.05 compared with 1mM H₂O₂ group without SpD; (B) Cobalt chloride (a hypoxia-mimetic agent) and hyperglycemia (33.3 mM glucose in media) were applied to AC16 cells. The cells were incubated with ′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) (20 μM) for 20 min at 37 °C and the intensity of fluorescence was measured at 485 nm. * p < 0.05 compared with no SpD treated group.