Table 1.

Comparison table of large-scale optical waveguide switch fabrics.

Ref.	Institution	Switch Engines	Scalability & Topology	On-chip Insertion Loss (dB)	Coupling Loss (dB)	Crosstalk (dB)	Switch Time	Power (W)	Size (mm2)
[68]	NEC	T-O MZI	8 × 8 PILOSS	-	-	−25	-	-	12 × 3
[69]			8 × 8 Switch & select	4	1	−35	150 μs		12 × 14
[28]	Bell Labs		8 × 8 Switch & select	4	3.5	−30	250 μs	0.07	8 × 8
[70,71]	AIST		32 × 32 PILOSS	8.4	1.4	−35	30 μs	1.9	25 × 11
[72]	IBM	E-O MZI	4 × 4	3.7	-	−15	5 ns	0.05	0.165
[73]			8 × 8 Double Layer	-		-	-	-	0.675
[41]	SJTU		16 × 16 Benes	14	5	−10	3.2 ns	1.2	10.7 × 4.4
[74]	CAS	T-O MZI	32 × 32	18.5	5	−15	1.2 ns	0.54	12.1 × 5.2
[75]		E-O MZI	64 × 64 Benes	12		−30	-	-	21.7 × 9.6
[76]	Huawei	T-O MZI	32 × 32	13	3.2	−20	1.4 ms 70 μs	1 20	12 × 12
[77]			16 × 16 Hybrid Dilated Benes	22	4.5	-	-	-	12.5 × 12.5
[44]	HKUST	E-O MRR	5 × 5 Cross-bar	-	-	−11	1.3 ns	-	0.1 × 0.1
[78]	TU/e	T-O MRR	8 × 7 Cross-bar	22	6	−20	17 μs	-	-
[79]	CAS		4 × 4	-	-	−13	25 μs	-	-
[80]	Ericsson		48 × 8 Cross-bar	~3	3.2	−23	4 μs	-	8.4 × 7.8
[81]	Columbia University	T-O MRR	8 × 8 Switch & select	10	-	−39	20 μs	-	-
[63]	UC	MEMS	64 × 64	3.7	6.5	−60	<1 μs	40V	8.6 × 8.6
[82]	Berkeley		128 × 128 Cross-bar	22.7	-			25V	16 × 17