Table 1.
Occurrence and concentration of total aflatoxins (µg/kg wet weight) by core food and by study centre.
| CORE FOOD | N | n > LOD | % > LOD | n > 4 µg/kg | % > 4 µg/kg | n > 15 µg/kg | % > 15 µg/kg | Mean Conc. * | Max Conc. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LB | UB | Season ** | UB | |||||||||
| Maize | 16 | 11 | 69 | 5 | 31 | 3 | 19 | 11.3 | 11.7 | Rainy | 76.6 | |
| Peanut | 10 | 8 | 80 | 5 | 50 | 5 | 50 | 56.4 | 56.7 | Rainy | 246.0 | |
| Peanut oil | 2 | 2 | 100 | 2 | 100 | 2 | 100 | 60.2 | 60.4 | Rainy | 105.1 | |
| Beans | 16 | 3 | 19 | 1 | 6 | 1 | 6 | 1.2 | 1.6 | Dry | 15.8 | |
| Sorghum | 10 | 6 | 60 | 1 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0.9 | 1.3 | Rainy | 4.9 | |
| Smoked fish | 6 | 1 | 17 | 1 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 1.1 | Rainy | 4.9 | |
| Other core foods | 134 | 11 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.5 | Rainy | 2.4 | |
| Total | 194 | 42 | 22 | 15 | 8 | 11 | 6 | 4.7 | 5.1 | Rainy | 246.0 | |
| CENTRE | N | n > LD | % > LD | n > 4 µg/kg | % > 4 µg/kg | n > 15 µg/kg | %> 15 µg/kg | Mean Conc. * | Max Conc. | |||
| LB | UB | Core food | UB | |||||||||
| BENIN | Littoral | 26 | 5 | 19 | 3 | 12 | 3 | 12 | 7.6 | 8.0 | Peanut oil | 105.1 |
| Borgou | 22 | 7 | 32 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 1.2 | 1.6 | Maize | 19.7 | |
| CAMEROON | Duala | 29 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.6 | Beans | 3.0 |
| North | 17 | 8 | 47 | 4 | 24 | 3 | 18 | 14.3 | 14.6 | Peanuts | 92.5 | |
| MALI | Bamako | 27 | 4 | 15 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 4 | 9.4 | 9.8 | Peanuts | 246.0 |
| Sikasso | 21 | 6 | 29 | 1 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 2.2 | 2.6 | Peanuts | 42.7 | |
| NIGERIA | Lagos | 29 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 0.6 | Maize | 5.4 |
| Kano | 23 | 6 | 26 | 3 | 13 | 3 | 13 | 5.6 | 6.0 | Peanuts | 96.6 | |
* LB: lower-bound scenario where the concentration of non-detected analyte is zero and the concentration of detected but non-quantified analyte is the limit of detection. UB: upper-bound scenario where the concentration of non-detected analyte is the limit of detection and the concentration of detected but non-quantified analyte is the limit of quantification; ** Samples of the rainy season were collected in October 2017 and samples of the dry season were collected in February 2018.