Table 3.
Occurrence and concentration of total fumonisins (µg/kg wet weight) by core food and by study centre.
| CORE FOOD | N | n > LOD | % > LOD | n > 10 µg/kg | % > 10 µg/kg | n > 400 µg/kg | % > 400 µg/kg | Mean Conc. * | Max Conc. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LB | UB | Season ** | UB | |||||||||
| Maize | 16 | 15 | 94 | 15 | 94 | 4 | 25 | 285.2 | 288.2 | Dry | 855.9 | |
| Sorghum | 10 | 5 | 50 | 5 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 20.0 | 36.1 | Dry | 159.4 | |
| Millet | 8 | 1 | 13 | 1 | 13 | 0 | 0 | 5.0 | 13.6 | Rainy | 44.8 | |
| Traditional fermented drink | 4 | 1 | 25 | 1 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 5.7 | 14.1 | Rainy | 29.3 | |
| Cassava dry | 12 | 3 | 25 | 3 | 25 | 0 | 0 | 14.8 | 22.9 | Dry | 134.6 | |
| Yam dry | 2 | 1 | 50 | 1 | 50 | 0 | 0 | 7.4 | 17.8 | Rainy | 21.7 | |
| Other core foods | 142 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.04 | 9.2 | Both | 14.6 | |
| Total | 194 | 28 | 14 | 26 | 13 | 4 | 2 | 26.4 | 34.8 | Dry | 855.9 | |
| CENTRE | N | n > LOD | % > LOD | n > 10 µg/kg | % > 10 µg/kg | n > 400 µg/kg | % > 400 µg/kg | Mean Conc. * | Max Conc. | |||
| LB | UB | Core food | UB | |||||||||
| BENIN | Littoral | 26 | 2 | 8 | 2 | 8 | 0 | 0 | 26.8 | 35.2 | Maize | 391.3 |
| Borgou | 22 | 5 | 23 | 5 | 23 | 0 | 0 | 26.3 | 34.4 | Maize | 376.5 | |
| CAMEROON | Duala | 29 | 5 | 17 | 4 | 14 | 0 | 0 | 19.0 | 27.1 | Maize | 241.7 |
| North | 17 | 12 | 71 | 5 | 29 | 1 | 6 | 64.4 | 71.6 | Maize | 670.3 | |
| MALI | Bamako | 27 | 3 | 11 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 2.0 | 11.0 | Maize | 40.6 |
| Sikasso | 21 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 4.1 | 12.9 | Maize | 79.0 | |
| NIGERIA | Lagos | 29 | 4 | 14 | 3 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 34.9 | 43.5 | Maize | 855.9 |
| Kano | 23 | 3 | 13 | 3 | 13 | 2 | 9 | 45.9 | 54.1 | Maize | 589.9 | |
* LB: lower-bound scenario where the concentration of non-detected analyte is zero and the concentration of detected but non-quantified analyte is the limit of detection. UB: upper-bound scenario where the concentration of non-detected analyte is the limit of detection and the concentration of detected but non-quantified analyte is the limit of quantification; ** Samples of the rainy season were collected in October 2017 and samples of the dry season were collected in February 2018.