Table 7.
Occurrence and concentration of total citrinin (µg/kg wet weight) by core food and by study centre.
| CORE FOOD | N | n > LOD | % > LOD | n > 5 µg/kg | % > 5 µg/kg | n > 100 µg/kg | % > 100 µg/kg | Mean Conc. * | Max Conc. | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LB | UB | Season ** | UB | |||||||||
| Maize | 16 | 10 | 63 | 9 | 56 | 4 | 25 | 76.4 | 76.8 | Rainy | 416.5 | |
| Sorghum | 10 | 7 | 70 | 4 | 40 | 0 | 0 | 5.5 | 6.3 | Rainy | 18.2 | |
| Rice | 16 | 6 | 38 | 3 | 19 | 0 | 0 | 2.8 | 3.2 | Dry | 18.0 | |
| Other core foods | 152 | 14 | 9 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 0.3 | 1.0 | Rainy | 7.4 | |
| TOTAL | 194 | 37 | 19 | 20 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 7.0 | 7.7 | Rainy | 416.5 | |
| CENTRE | N | n > LOD | % > LOD | n > 5 µg/kg | % > 5 µg/kg | n > 100 µg/kg | % > 100 µg/kg | Mean Conc. * | Max Conc. | |||
| LB | UB | Core food | UB | |||||||||
| BENIN | Littoral | 26 | 4 | 15 | 3 | 12 | 2 | 8 | 19.0 | 19.7 | Maize | 372.3 |
| Borgou | 22 | 9 | 41 | 7 | 32 | 1 | 5 | 21.9 | 22.5 | Maize | 416.5 | |
| CAMEROON | Duala | 29 | 4 | 14 | 2 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 5.7 | 6.5 | Maize | 123.6 |
| North | 17 | 4 | 24 | 1 | 6 | 0 | 0 | 2.2 | 3.0 | Maize | 31.9 | |
| MALI | Bamako | 27 | 2 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.9 | Maize/Sorghum | 2.5 |
| Sikasso | 21 | 4 | 19 | 2 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 2.1 | Sorghum | 17.0 | |
| NIGERIA | Lagos | 29 | 6 | 21 | 3 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 2.6 | 3.2 | Maize | 55.9 |
| Kano | 23 | 4 | 17 | 2 | 9 | 0 | 0 | 3.4 | 4.0 | Maize | 61.4 | |
* LB: lower-bound scenario where the concentration of non-detected analyte is zero and the concentration of detected but non-quantified analyte is the limit of detection. UB: upper-bound scenario where the concentration of non-detected analyte is the limit of detection and the concentration of detected but non-quantified analyte is the limit of quantification; ** Samples of the rainy season were collected in October 2017 and samples of the dry season were collected in February 2018.