Table 5.
Parameters obtained on admission associated with systemic bleeding (SB) of Bothrops snakebite patients during hospitalization.
| Description | SB (n) | % | Non-SB (n) | % | Crude OR (IC 95%) | p | Adjusted OR (IC 95%) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | ||||||||
| Female | 15 | 16.7 | 75 | 83.3 | 0.88 (0.46–1.65) | 0.682 | ||
| Male | 48 | 14.9 | 274 | 85.1 | ||||
| Age group in years | ||||||||
| 0–10 | 6 | 14.6 | 35 | 85.4 | 1 | |||
| 10–20 | 14 | 16.9 | 69 | 83.1 | 1.18 (0.42–3.35) | 0.751 | ||
| 20–30 | 10 | 12.1 | 73 | 87.9 | 0.79 (0.27–2.37) | 0.687 | ||
| 30–40 | 7 | 11.7 | 53 | 88.3 | 0.77 (0.24–2.48) | 0.662 | ||
| 40–50 | 12 | 22.2 | 42 | 77.8 | 1.66 (0.57–4.90) | 0.353 | ||
| 50–60 | 8 | 15.7 | 43 | 84.3 | 1.08 (0.34–3.42) | 0.889 | ||
| >60 | 6 | 15.0 | 34 | 85.0 | 1.03 (0.30–3.51) | 0.963 | ||
| Area of occurrence | ||||||||
| Urban | 3 | 6.7 | 42 | 93.3 | 2.75 (0.83–9.18) | 0.099 | 2.28 (0.66–7.84) | 0.190 |
| Rural | 60 | 16.4 | 305 | 83.6 | ||||
| Time-taken to reach to medical assistance (h) | ||||||||
| 0–3 | 30 | 12.2 | 215 | 87.8 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 4–6 | 15 | 17.6 | 70 | 82.4 | 1.54 (0.78–3.02) | 0.214 | 0.83 (0.37–1.85) | 0.644 |
| >6 | 18 | 22.5 | 62 | 77.5 | 2.08 (1.08–3.98) | 0.027 | 1.83 (0.88–3.79) | 0.103 |
| Pre-hospital treatment | ||||||||
| Yes | 33 | 14.4 | 197 | 85.6 | 0.92 (0.46–1.84) | 0.802 | ||
| No | 13 | 15.5 | 71 | 84.5 | ||||
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Yes | 8 | 17.8 | 37 | 82.2 | 1.24 (0.51–3.01) | 0.637 | ||
| No | 22 | 14.9 | 126 | 85.1 | ||||
| Unclottable blood | ||||||||
| Yes | 48 | 21.4 | 176 | 78.6 | 3.72 (1.86–7.42) | <0.001 | 3.11 (1.53–6.31) | 0.002 * |
| No | 11 | 6.8 | 150 | 93.2 | ||||
| Low hemoglobin | ||||||||
| Yes | 11 | 17.7 | 51 | 82.3 | 1.29 (0.63–2.67) | 0.486 | ||
| No | 44 | 14.3 | 264 | 85.7 | ||||
| Low hematocrit | ||||||||
| Yes | 5 | 11.1 | 40 | 88.9 | 0.68 (0.26–1.81) | 0.444 | ||
| No | 50 | 15.5 | 273 | 84.5 | ||||
| Thrombocytopenia | ||||||||
| Yes | 13 | 39.4 | 20 | 60.6 | 4.71 (2.18–10.15) | <0.001 | 4.52 (2.03–10.09) | <0.001 * |
| No | 42 | 12.1 | 304 | 87.9 | ||||
| Mean platelet volume | ||||||||
| Low | 5 | 14.7 | 29 | 85.3 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Normal | 44 | 13.5 | 282 | 86.5 | 0.91 (0.33–2.46) | 0.845 | 0.70 (0.24–2.00) | 0.503 |
| High | 4 | 44.4 | 5 | 55.6 | 4.64 (0.92–23.48) | 0.064 | 3.46 (0.56–21.55) | 0.182 |
* p < 0.05 was considered significant. Thrombocytopenia: platelet count <150,000/μL; Low hemoglobin: <12.5 g/dL; Low hematocrit: <36%: Low mean platelet volume: <7.4 fL; High mean platelet volume: >10.4 fL.