Figure 3.

Gastrointestinal hormone concentrations after consumption of the blueberries (●) or placebo gel (○) breakfast meals. Data are presented as arithmetic means ± SE, n = 17. All times points were significantly different from baseline, p < 0.05. For glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), and peptide YY (PYY) there were no significant differences between responses from the blueberry or placebo breakfast meals; pancreatic polypeptide (PP) responses were significantly different after consumption of the blueberry breakfast meal than the placebo breakfast meal, p < 0.05*.