Table 1.
Composition of cellular polyamines in microalgae.
| Polyamines | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class | Species | Strain | Dap | Put | Spd | NSpd | NSpm | Cad | Spm | Reference |
| Chlorophyceae | Chlamydomonas reinhardtii | IAM C-9 | N.D. | 91.2% | 1.1% | 7.6% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] |
| Chlamydomonas moewusii | IAM C-15 | N.D. | 85.3% | 1.0% | 1.2% | N.D. | 12.4% | N.D. | [48] | |
| Chlamydomonas applanata | IAM C-214 | N.D. | 87.8% | 2.4% | 9.8% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Bracteacoccus giganteus | IAM C-388 | N.D. | 27.3% | 14.5% | 54.5% | N.D. | 3.6% | N.D. | [48] | |
| Chlorococcum echinozygotum | IAM C-386 | N.D. | 84.0% | 3.4% | 12.6% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Chlorogonium elongatum | IAM C-295 | N.D. | 50.0% | 27.5% | 17.5% | N.D. | N.D. | 5.0% | [48] | |
| Coccomyxa dispar | IAM C-137 | N.D. | 3.4% | 88.1% | 8.5% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Errerella bornhemiensis | IAM C-581 | N.D. | 1.5% | 32.8% | 62.0% | N.D. | 3.6% | N.D. | [48] | |
| Eudorina illinoisensis | IAM C-596 | N.D. | 56.8% | 25.0% | 15.2% | N.D. | N.D. | 3.0% | [48] | |
| Gonium pectorale | IAM C-598 | N.D. | 13.5% | 2.7% | 10.8% | N.D. | 73.0% | N.D. | [48] | |
| Haematococcus lacustris | IAM C-392 | 42.8% | 10.7% | 21.4% | 24.1% | N.D. | 1.1% | N.D. | [48] | |
| Lobomonas piriformis | IAM C-584 | N.D. | 37.5% | 41.7% | 20.8% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Oedogonium obesum | IAM C-348 | N.D. | 11.8% | 5.9% | 14.7% | N.D. | 67.6% | N.D. | [48] | |
| Dunaliella salina | IAM C-522 | N.D. | 15.3% | 84.7% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Dunaliella bardawil | ATCC 30861 | N.D. | 13.3% | 82.2% | N.D. | N.D. | 4.4% | N.D. | [48] | |
| Dunaliella primolecta | IAM C-525 | N.D. | 39.3% | 60.7% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Chlorophyceae | Volvox aureus | IAM C-419 | N.D. | 80.2% | 6.9% | 8.8% | N.D. | 4.1% | N.D. | [48] |
| Scenedesmus acutus | IAM C-64 | N.D. | 67.0% | 3.6% | 29.4% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Scenedesmus vacuolatus | IAM C-104 | 2.4% | 34.9% | 7.2% | 26.5% | N.D. | 28.9% | N.D. | [48] | |
| Prasinophyceae | Mesostigma viride | NIES-296 | N.D. | 66.7% | 33.3% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] |
| Monomastix minuta | NIES-255 | N.D. | 3.2% | 96.8% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Nephroselmis olivacea | NIES-483 | N.D. | 72.7% | 27.3% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Nephroselmis viridis | NIES-486 | N.D. | 42.3% | 57.7% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Pyramimonas amylifera | NIES-251 | N.D. | 50.0% | 50.0% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Pyramimonas parkeae | NIES-254 | N.D. | 50.0% | 50.0% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Tetraselmis cordiformis | NIES-18 | N.D. | 88.2% | 11.8% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Trebouxiophyceae | Auxenochlorella protothecoides | ATCC 30407 | N.D. | N.D. | 71.8% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 28.2% | [48] |
| Ankistrodesmus angustus | IAM C-548 | N.D. | 48.7% | 7.1% | 13.3% | N.D. | 31.0% | N.D. | [48] | |
| Ankistrodesmus falcatus | IAM C-304 | N.D. | 23.6% | 15.2% | 33.8% | 0.3% | 27.0% | N.D. | [48] | |
| Ankistrodesmus nannoselene | IAM C-305 | N.D. | 29.0% | 29.0% | 21.0% | 1.6% | 11.3% | 8.1% | [48] | |
| Chlorella kessleri | IAM C-531 | N.D. | 68.6% | 31.4% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Chlorella sorokiniana | IAM C-212 | N.D. | 41.0% | 53.3% | 2.5% | N.D. | 3.3% | N.D. | [48] | |
| Chlorella vulgaris | IAM C-27 | N.D. | 48.9% | 51.8% | 1.2% | N.D. | 2.1% | N.D. | [48] | |
| Trebouxiophyceae | Watanabea reniformis | IAM C-211 | N.D. | 50.0% | 50.0% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] |
| Hydrodictyon reticulatum | IAM C-335 | N.D. | 33.3% | 55.6% | 11.1% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [48] | |
| Chlorarachniophyceae | Chlorarachnion reptans | NIES-624 | N.D. | 32.0% | 28.0% | 24.0% | 4.0% | N.D. | 12.0% | [49] |
| Chrysophyceae | Poterioochromonas malhamensis | IAM CS-1 | N.D. | 64.3% | 11.9% | N.D. | N.D. | 23.8% | N.D. | [49] |
| Ochromonas danica | IAM CS-4 | N.D. | 40.1% | 17.7% | N.D. | N.D. | 40.5% | 0.8% | [49] | |
| Ochromonas minuta | IAM CS-5 | N.D. | 11.8% | 26.5% | N.D. | N.D. | 60.1% | 1.7% | [49] | |
| Desmophyceae | Prorocentrum micans | NIES-12 | 2.0% | N.D. | N.D. | 31.1% | 38.9% | 27.8% | N.D. | [49] |
| Euglenoidea | Euglena gracilis | IAM E-6 | N.D. | 20.9% | 38.4% | 38.4% | 2.3% | N.D. | N.D. | [49] |
| Euglena viridis | IAM E-11 | N.D. | 49.2% | 33.4% | 6.8% | 2.4% | 12.4% | N.D. | [49] | |
| Euglena mutabilis | NIES-286 | 5.0% | 53.2% | 25.3% | 15.2% | 1.2% | N.D. | N.D. | [49] | |
| Phacus agilis | NIES-387 | 22.9% | 48.2% | 17.9% | 9.2% | 1.8% | N.D. | N.D. | [49] | |
| Trachelomonas sp. | Gunma | 17.2% | 20.1% | 20.1% | 12.7% | 29.9% | N.D. | N.D. | [49] | |
| Eustigmatophyceae | Nannochloropsis oculata | IAM ST-4 | N.D. | 33.0% | 67.0% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [49] |
| Vischeria punctata | IAM X-4 | 1.0% | 12.9% | 47.3% | 6.5% | N.D. | 30.8% | 1.5% | [49] | |
| Vischeria stellata | IAM X-5 | N.D. | 23.2% | 46.3% | 6.8% | N.D. | 23.7% | N.D. | [49] | |
| Raphidophyceae | Chattonella antiqua | (Hada) Ono | N.A. | 2.9% | 82.0% | <0.1% | N.A. | N.A. | 14.2% | [50] |
| Heterosigma akashiwo | - | N.A. | 2.0% | N.D. | N.D. | N.A. | N.A. | 98.0% | [51] | |
| Dinophyceae | Amphidinium carterae | NIES-331 | <0.1% | N.D. | N.D. | 37.7% | 51.9% | 9.4% | N.D. | [49] |
| Peridinium willei | NIES-304 | 1.9% | N.D. | N.D. | 74.1% | 18.5 | 5.5% | N.D. | [49] | |
| Glenodiniopsis uliginosa | NIES-463 | 0.8% | N.D. | N.D. | 57.9% | 37.2% | 4.1% | N.D. | [49] | |
| Amphidinium carterae | CCMP 1314 | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 100.0% | N.A. | N.D. | [52] | |
| Gymnodinium mikimotoii | - | N.A. | 0.5% | N.D. | 0.5% | 98.8% | N.D. | N.D. | [53] | |
| Alexandrium minutum | T1 | 31.3% | N.D. | 6.3% | 35.4% | N.A. | 13.2% | 13.9% | [54] | |
| Rhodophyta | Cyanidium caldarium | RK-1 | N.D. | 57.3% | 33.2% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | 9.4% | [55] |
| Bacillariophyceae | Nitzschia palea | IAM B-18 | 3.1% | 82.4% | 6.1% | 0.8% | N.D. | 7.6% | N.D. | [49] |
| Nitzschia closterium | IAM B-16 | N.D. | 15.3% | 81.6% | 3.1% | N.D. | N.D. | N.D. | [49] | |
| Phaeodactylum tricornutum | IAM B-14 | N.D. | 25.0% | 21.9% | 37.5% | 12.5% | 3.1% | N.D. | [49] | |
| Thalassiosira pseudonana | CCMP 1335 | 8.2% | 32.2% | 9.2% | 43.0% | 7.3% | N.A. | N.D. | [52] | |
| Chaetoceros sp. | CCMP 199 | N.D. | 76.4% | 23.6% | N.D. | N.D. | N.A. | N.D. | [52] | |
| Skeletonema costatum | (Grev.) Cleve | N.A. | 41.2% | 49.6% | N.A. | N.A. | N.A. | 8.6% | [56] | |
N.D. indicates not detectable. N.A. indicates not available.