Table 4.
Changes in participants’ biochemical characteristics over weeks 0–8.
| Non-WSP | WSP-MR | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Week 0 | Week 8 | Changes | Week 0 | Week 8 | Changes | |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.83 ± 0.19 | 4.60 ± 0.24 * | −0.23 ± 0.19 | 4.51 ± 0.21 | 4.55 ± 0.24 * | 0.04 ± 0.15 # |
| Total protein (g/dL) | 7.41 ± 0.31 | 7.29 ± 0.25 * | −0.13 ± 0.25 | 7.38 ± 0.40 | 7.33 ± 0.37 * | −0.05 ± 0.23 |
| Sodium (meq/L) | 137.30 ± 2.15 | 139.96 ± 1.23 * | 2.66 ± 2.31 | 137.67 ± 1.24 | 139.60 ± 1.37 * | 1.93 ± 1.21 |
| Potassium (meq/L) | 4.09 ± 0.30 | 4.18 ± 0.30 * | 0.09 ± 0.29 | 4.16 ± 0.31 | 4.22 ± 0.29 | 0.06 ± 0.30 |
| Calcium (meq/L) | 10.02 ± 0.22 | 9.33 ± 0.24 * | −0.69 ± 0.25 | 9.67 ± 0.29 | 9.31 ± 0.31 * | −0.36 ± 0.20 # |
| Phosphorus (meq/L) | 3.21 ± 0.46 | 3.17 ± 0.42 * | −0.04 ± 0.37 | 3.14 ± 0.44 | 3.30 ± 0.33 * | 0.16 ± 0.35 # |
| Magnesium (meq/L) | 2.05 ± 0.12 | 2.11 ± 0.13 * | 0.06 ± 0.11 | 2.02 ± 0.11 | 2.14 ± 0.13 * | 0.11 ± 0.11 |
| AST (U/L) | 21.96 ± 6.42 | 19.59 ± 6.40 | −2.37 ± 6.23 | 23.17 ± 23.84 | 17.48 ± 3.86 | −5.69 ± 22.14 |
| ALT (U/L) | 22.26 ± 9.53 | 21.78 ± 18.11 | −0.48 ± 16.18 | 29.17 ± 49.63 | 16.31 ± 7.90 | −12.86 ± 43.81 |
| γ-GTP (U/L) | 19.33 ± 10.04 | 16.44 ± 7.88 * | −2.89 ± 4.37 | 25.17 ± 35.13 | 13.72 ± 8.18 | −11.45 ± 30.89 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.72 ± 0.31 | 0.81 ± 0.31 | 0.09 ± 0.26 | 0.77 ± 0.34 | 0.78 ± 0.37 | 0.01 ± 0.29 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.76 ± 0.14 | 0.68 ± 0.14 * | −0.09 ± 0.05 | 0.76 ± 0.18 | 0.68 ± 0.15 * | −0.09 ± 0.06 |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 13.26 ± 2.38 | 11.67 ± 2.60 * | −1.59 ± 2.22 | 11.79 ± 2.93 | 11.93 ± 2.94 | 0.14 ± 3.07 # |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.33 ± 1.41 | 5.14 ± 1.21 * | −0.19 ± 0.63 | 5.19 ± 1.28 | 5.16 ± 1.11 | −0.03 ± 0.66 |
| Hs-CRP (mg/dL) | 0.21 ± 0.18 | 0.13 ± 0.05 * | −0.09 ± 0.17 | 0.27 ± 0.34 | 0.38 ± 0.88 | 0.11 ± 0.98 |
Data are presented as means ± standard deviations. * Significant within-group difference after intervention (paired t test analysis; p < 0.05). # Significant between-groups difference after intervention (independent t test; p < 0.05). Non-WSP: normal diet daily; WSP-MR: white sweet potato meal replacement; AST: aspartate transaminase; ALT: alanine transaminase; BUN: blood urea nitrogen; hs-CRP: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.