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. 2019 Jan 4;11(1):18. doi: 10.3390/toxins11010018

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin FB1 (FB1), alone or in association, and phytic acid (IP6) on histological morphology in jejunal explants. (A) Morphological score (AU—Arbitrary Units). (B) Villi height (µm). Explants exposed to control treatment (□); IP6 5 mM (Inline graphic); DON (Inline graphic); FB1 (Inline graphic); DON + FB1 (■); DON + IP6 (Inline graphic); FB1 + IP6 (Inline graphic); DON + FB1 + IP6 (Inline graphic). Mean values with different superscript letters were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05). (C) Control treatment. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), bar 100 µm. (D) IP6 5 mM treatment. HE, bar 100 µm. (E) DON 10 µM alone: severe villi atrophy and fusion, and loss of the apical enterocytes. HE, bar 50 µm. (F) FB1 alone: severe loss of apical enterocytes. HE, bar 50 µm. (G) DON 10 µM + FB1: severe villi fusion. HE, bar 50 µm. (H) DON 10 µM + FB1: flattened enterocytes (arrow), villi atrophy and loss of enterocytes. HE, bar 100 µm. (I) DON 10 µM + IP6 5 mM: histological aspects similar to the control group. HE, bar 100 µm. (J) FB1 + IP6 5 mM: histological aspects similar to the control group. HE, bar 100 µm. (K) DON 10 µM plus FB1 + IP6 5 mM: histological aspects similar to the control group. HE, bar 100 µm.