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. 2019 Jan 4;11(1):18. doi: 10.3390/toxins11010018

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of DON and FB₁, alone or in association, and IP6 on E-cadherin and cox-2 expression in jejunal explants. Explants exposed to control treatment (□); IP6 5 mM (); deoxynivalenol (DON) (); fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) (); DON + FB1 (■); DON + IP6 (); FB₁ + IP6 (); DON + FB₁ + IP6 (). (A) Mean of E-cadherin positive immunostaining per fields on explants exposed to different treatments. Mean values with different superscript letters were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05). (B) Control treatment: strong and homogeneous E-cadherin immunostaining in epithelial cells. Bar 50 µm. (C) DON 10 µM: mild and non-homogeneous E-cadherin immunostaining in epithelial cells. Bar 25 µm. (D) DON 10 µM + IP6 5 mM: strong and homogeneous E-cadherin immunostaining in epithelial cells similar to control treatment. Bar 50 µm. (B–D: immunoperoxidase method). (E) Mean of cox-2 positive immunostaining per fields on explants exposed to different treatments. Mean values with different superscript letters were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05). (F) Control treatment: mild cox-2 cytoplasmic immunostaining in crypt cells. (G) DON 10 µM: diffuse and strong cox-2 cytoplasmic immunostaining in crypt cells. (H) DON 10 µM + IP6 5 mM: decrease in cox-2 cytoplasmic immunostaining in crypt cells similar to control treatment. (F–H: immunoperoxidase method, bar 25 µm).

Inline graphic — Effects of DON and FB₁, alone or in association, and IP6 on E-cadherin and cox-2 expression in jejunal explants. Explants exposed to control treatment (□); IP6 5 mM (); deoxynivalenol (DON) (); fumonisin B₁ (FB₁) (); DON + FB1 (■); DON + IP6 (); FB₁ + IP6 (); DON + FB₁ + IP6 (). (A) Mean of E-cadherin positive immunostaining per fields on explants exposed to different treatments. Mean values with different superscript letters were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05). (B) Control treatment: strong and homogeneous E-cadherin immunostaining in epithelial cells. Bar 50 µm. (C) DON 10 µM: mild and non-homogeneous E-cadherin immunostaining in epithelial cells. Bar 25 µm. (D) DON 10 µM + IP6 5 mM: strong and homogeneous E-cadherin immunostaining in epithelial cells similar to control treatment. Bar 50 µm. (B–D: immunoperoxidase method). (E) Mean of cox-2 positive immunostaining per fields on explants exposed to different treatments. Mean values with different superscript letters were significantly different (p ≤ 0.05). (F) Control treatment: mild cox-2 cytoplasmic immunostaining in crypt cells. (G) DON 10 µM: diffuse and strong cox-2 cytoplasmic immunostaining in crypt cells. (H) DON 10 µM + IP6 5 mM: decrease in cox-2 cytoplasmic immunostaining in crypt cells similar to control treatment. (F–H: immunoperoxidase method, bar 25 µm).