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. 2019 Jan 4;11(1):89. doi: 10.3390/nu11010089

Table 1.

Summary of the origins and compositions of some potential new sources of EPA and DHA.

Composition a
Total n-3 LC-PUFA
Product Development Partners Source Type Lipid Content b EPA c DHA c % of TFA d % of Product Reference
AlgaPrime™ DHA Corbion (TerraVia/Bunge) e Microalgae Algal biomass 60 0 48 48 28 [42]
DHAgold™ DSM Nutritional Products Microalgae Algal biomass 49 1.0 44.4 45.8 22.5 [43]
DHA Natur™ ADM Animal Nutrition Microalgae Algal biomass 50–60 0.25 34 34.3 17.2–20.6 [44]
ForPlus™ Alltech Coppens f Microalgae Algal biomass 61 0.3 29 29.3 17.9 [45]
Nymega™ Heliae Development g Microalgae Algal biomass 65 ~0.1 20 ~31 21 [46]
Veramaris® Oil Veramaris h Microalgae Oil 100 ~16 ~34 ~54 ~54 [47]
Camelina sativa Rothamsted Research/UoS GM camelina Oil 100 20 0 24 24 [48]
Camelina sativa Rothamsted Research/UoS GM camelina Oil 100 9 11 28 28 [49]
Latitude™ BASF/Cargill GM canola Oil 100 7 1 12 12 [50]
Aquaterra™/Nutriterra™ i CSIRO/Nuseed/GRDC GM canola Oil 100 0.5 10 12 12 [51]
Yarrowia lipolytica j DuPont GM yeast Yeast biomass ~50 ~50 0 50 25 [52]

a Compositional data were extracted or extrapolated from various sources and, in some cases, may differ in detail from final commercialised products. b Percentage of product; c Percentage of total fatty acids (TFA); d Includes 20:4n-3 and 22:5n-3 (if any); e Initially developed by Terravia Holdings (formerly Solazyme) and to be commercially produced and marketed in joint venture with Bunge. Acquired by Corbion after Terravia filed for bankruptcy with subsequent buyout of Bunge; f Initially developed by Alltech and, after acquiring Coppens International feed company, was included in many of Alltech Coppens aquafeeds although this may not continue in the future with the closure of the microalgal facility in the USA; g Initially developed by Heliae Development LLC and distributed in partnership with Syndel Laboratories Ltd.; h Initially developed by DSM and to be produced and marketed by Veramaris®, a 50:50 joint venture with Evonik; i Oil from GM canola to be marketed as Aquaterra™ and Nutriterra™ for aquaculture and human consumption, respectively; j An oil from GM Y.lipolytica was once marketed in capsule form as New Harvest™ EPA for human consumption. Compositional data extracted or extrapolated from the publications or publicly available materials cited in last column. ADM, Archer Daniels Midland Company; CSIRO, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; GRDC, Grains Research and Development Corporation; UoS, University of Stirling.