Table 2.
Mycotoxins incidence on different pepper derivative-products around the globe.
| Pepper Products | Mycotoxin | Country | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pepper fruits/Whole chilli/Pepper pod | AFs a; AOH c; AME d; CIT e; FB g; OTA i; ST k; TeA l | Argentina; Belgium; Chile; India; Nigeria; Pakistan; Sri Lanka; Turkey | [27,32,39,48,68,69,80,81] |
| Red pepper flakes | AFs; CIT; FB; OTA; ST | Belgium; Turkey | [48,75] |
| Chilli oil | AFs; OTA; ZEN p | United Kingdom | [82] |
| Paprika | AFs; OTA; ZEN | Australia; Brazil; Morocco; Peru; Portugal; Spain | [26,70,77,83,84,85] |
| Chilli/Ground chilli/Kashmiri chilli/Dried chilli | AFs; CIT; FB; OTA; ST; ZEN | Australia; Bolivia; Chile; India; Pakistan; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; Thailand Turkey; United States |
[27,31,32,51,60,61,70,73,83,84,85,86,87,88] |
| Red pepper pastes | PAT j | Turkey | [89] |
| Red pepper powder/Ground red pepper/Capsicum powder | AFs; OTA; ST | Egypt; Ethiopia; Iran; Korea; Saudi Arabia; Turkey | [28,49,57,62,90,91,92,93] |
| Sweet peppers pod/Bell pepper pod/Fresh sweet peppers | AFs; ALT b; AME; AOH; FB; OTA; TeA l; TTX m; ZEN | China; India; Italy; Turkey | [33,76,94] |
| Dried sweet peppers | AFs; AME; AOH; DON f; FB; HT-2 o; NIV h; OTA; TeA; TTX; ZEN | Italy | [33] |
| Ground sweet pepper | AFs; ALT; AME; AOH; DON; FB; H-2 n; HT-2; NIV; OTA; TeA; TTX; ZEN | Italy | [33] |
| Fried sweet pepper | AFs; AOH; AME; DON; FB; H-2; HT-2; NIV; OTA; TeA; TTX; ZEN | Italy | [33] |
a Aflatoxins = AFs; b Altenuene = ALT; c Alternariol = AOH; d Alternariol monomethyl ether = AME; e Citrinin = CIT; f Deoxynivalenol = DON; g Fumonisin = FB; h Nivalenol = NIV; I Ochratoxin = OTA; j Patulin = PAT; k Sterigmatocystin = ST; l Tenuazonic acid = TeA; m Tetrodotoxina = TTX; n Trichothecene H-2 toxin; o Trichothecene HT-2 toxin; p Zearalenone = ZEN.