Table 5.
Particular populations: diabetic patients.
| First Diet | Diabetes | No Diabetes | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| N | 66 | 65 | |
| Males, n (%) Females, n (%) |
42 (63.6%) 24 (36.4%) |
40 (61.5%) 25 (38.5%) |
0.804 * |
| Age (years), median (min-max) |
72 (26–101) |
77 (24–96) |
0.175 |
| Age over 65, n (%) | 46 (67.9%) | 49 (75.4%) | 0.468 * |
| Age over 80, n (%) | 22 (33.3%) | 27 (41.5%) | 0.334 * |
| CCI, median (min-max) |
8 (5–14) |
7 (2–12) |
<0.001 |
| CCI ≥ 7, n (%) | 57 (86.4%) | 36 (55.4%) | <0.001 * |
| CCI ≥ 10, n (%) | 13 (19.7%) | 9 (13.8%) | 0.372 * |
| Cardiopathy, n (%) | 19 (28.8%) | 11 (16.9%) | 0.108 * |
| Neoplasia, n (%) | 3 (4.5%) | 14 (21.5%) | 0.004 * |
| sCreatinine (mg/dL), median (min-max) |
2.6 (1.3–7.7) |
2.58 (1.3–10.4) |
0.945 |
| eGFR-EPI (mL/min), median (min-max) |
22 (7–57) |
23 (4–7) |
0.872 |
| Proteinuria (g/day), median (min-max) |
0.7 (0.1–8.7) |
0.4 (0.1–7) |
0.364 |
| Proteinuria ≥ 1 (g/day), n (%) | 28 (42.4%) | 22 (33.9%) | 0.088 * |
| Proteinuria ≥ 3 (g/day), n (%) | 11 (16.7%) | 11 (16.9%) | 0.969 * |
| SGA A, n (%) | 59 (89.39%) | 52 (80%) | |
| SGA B, n (%) | 5 (7.6%) | 12 (18.5%) | |
| SGA C, n (%) | 2 (3%) | 1 (1.5%) | 0.161 * |
| MIS, median (min-max) |
5 (1–17) |
5 (1–18) |
0.589 |
| MIS ≥ 9, n (%) | 8 (12.1%) | 14 (21.5%) | 0.151 * |
| MIS ≥ 14, n (%) | 3 (4.6%) | 1 (1.5%) | 0.319 * |
| Normalization of protein intake, n (%) | 37 (56.1%) | 38 (58.5%) | 0.047 |
| Traditional (0.6), n (%) | 17 (25.6%) | 7 (10.8%) | |
| Plant-based supplemented (0.6), n (%) | 10 (15.2%) | 12 (18.5%) | |
| No restriction, n (%) | 2 (3%) | 8 (12.3%) | |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (min-max) |
31 (16.7–51.2) |
27 (18.3–50) |
0.001 |
| BMI ≥ 35, n (%) | 17 (26%) | 8 (12%) | 0.051 * |
| BMI ≥ 40, n (%) | 6 (9.1%) | 4 (6.2%) | 0.528 * |
| HbA1c at enrollment (Pre) (%), median (min-max) At last update (Post) (%), median (min-max) |
Pre 7.1 (5.1–11.2) Post 6.7 (4.9–9.4) |
0.104 |
Legend: M: male, F: female; MIS: malnutrition inflammation score; SGA: subjective global assessment (A: well nourished, B: moderate malnutrition; C: severe malnutrition); CCI: Charlson Comorbidity Index; CKD: chronic kidney disease. “*” indicates that the Chi–Squared Independence Test was used, otherwise, the Kruskal-Wallis Test was used. Bold p values have significant differences with alpha error at 5%.