Figure 3.

Spirulina liquid extract inhibits western diet induced oxidative stress and inflammation. Hepatic (A) superoxide anion (O₂⁻) and (B) nitric oxide (NO) accumulation where quantified the day of sacrifice. (C) Confocal images of O₂⁻ production in the liver detected by dihydroethidium staining in red fluorescence. Cell nuclei were visualized by DAPI in blue. C(-) negative control without dihydroethidine (DHE). Bar = 100 µm. (D) Quantification of hepatic thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). (E) Representative blots of phospho- and total-IκBα, NFκBp65 and β-actin proteins in liver. (F) Quantitative bar graph of liver phospho- to total-IκBα ratio. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 (n = 4–5/group), Kruskal–Wallis.