Table 2.
Demographic characteristics of pregnant and lactating women and their households 1.
| Variable | Pregnant | Lactating |
|---|---|---|
| Participants (n) | 99 | 103 |
| Age (years) 2 | 27.8 ± 6.2 | 26.5 ± 6.4 |
| Gravidity (n) | 7.2 ± 3.3 | --- |
| Current pregnancy trimester | ||
| Second, n (%) | 59 (59.6) | --- |
| Third, n (%) | 40 (40.4) | --- |
| Attended ANC in current pregnancy, n (%) | 65 (65.7) | --- |
| Age of breastfed child (months) | --- | 8.3 ± 5.6 |
| Menses resumed, n (%) | --- | 26 (25.5) |
| Household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS), n (%) | ||
| Food secure or mildly food insecure | 48 (48.5) | 43 (42.2) |
| Moderately food insecure | 26 (26.3) | 32 (31.3) |
| Severely food insecure | 25 (25.3) | 27 (26.5) |
| Daily per capita reported cost of foods consumed, € 3 | 0.35 (0.28, 0.45) | 0.39 (0.30, 0.49) |
| Daily per capita reported cost of foods below the national poverty line, % 4 | 72.3 | 63.0 |
| Received food rations in prior month, n (%) | 6 (10.9) 5 | 3 (2.9) |
| Adequate minimum dietary diversity – women (MDD-W), n (%) | 16 (16.3) | 15 (14.6) |
| Nutritional and health status | ||
| Weight (kg) | 56.4 ± 8.4 | 52.4 ± 9.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | --- | 20.9 ± 3.2 |
| Underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2) | --- | 22 (21.4) |
| Overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2) | --- | 9 (8.7) |
| Mid-upper arm circumference (cm) | 25.1 ± 2.7 | 26.0 ± 2.9 |
| MUAC < 23 cm | 20 (20.3) | 3 (2.9) |
1 ANC, antenatal consultation; HFIAS, household food insecurity access scale; MDD-W, minimum dietary diversity –women; BMI, body mass index; MDD-W, minimum dietary diversity - women; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference; ---, not available. 2 Mean + SD, all such values. 3 Median (IQR); values calculated based on reported dietary intakes from 24 h dietary recalls using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) method to adjust for usual intake from [41,42]. 4 Cut-off values to define the national poverty line based on daily per capita food consumption expenditures, based on 2400 kcal food baskets and assuming an agro-pastoral system from [49]. 5 Data available for only n = 55 pregnant women; rations received by pregnant and lactating women included rice, millet, sorghum, beans, small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement and Supercereal.