Table 1.
Patients’ demographic characteristics.
| Subtypes | Protrusion | Retraction | Curling | Laterotrusion | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients (N (%)) | 118 (68.6%) | 29 (16.9%) | 13 (7.6%) | 12 (7.0%) | 172 (100%) |
| Age (years) (mean (SD)) | 45.6 (13.8) | 45.8 (13.4) | 51.2 (15.3) | 47.67 (11.2) | 46.2 (13.7) |
| Sex (female, male) (N (%)) | 68 (57.6%) 50 (42.4%) |
17 (58.6%) 11 (41.4%) |
7 (53.8%) 6 (46.2%) |
10 (83.3%) 2 (16.7%) |
102 (59.3%) 70 (40.7%) |
| Duration of symptom (years) (mean (SD)) | 2.3 (2.6) | 2.4 (2.1) | 4.3 (4.2) | 1.8 (1.2) | 2.4 (2.6) |
| Tardive dystonia (N (%)) | 30 (25.4%) | 11 (37.8%) | 8 (61.5%) | 4 (33.3%) | 53 (30.8%) |
| Associated movement disorders (N (%)) | |||||
| Blepharospasm | 5 (2.3%) | 0 | 3 (23.1%) | 1 (8.3%) | 9 (5.2%) |
| Writer’s cramp | 3 (2.5%) | 2 (6.9%) | 1 (7.7%) | 1 (8.3%) | 7 (4.1%) |
| Cervical dystonia | 2 (2.3%) | 1 (4.0%) | 2 (15.4%) | 0 | 6 (3.5%) |
| Embouchure dystonia | 2 (1.7%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.2%) |
| Spasmodic dysphonia | 2 (1.7%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.2%) |
| Subtype of oromandibular dystonia (N (%)) | |||||
| Jaw-opening dystonia | 13 (11.0%) | 4 (13.8.0%) | 0 | 2 (16.7%) | 19 (11.0%) |
| Jaw-closing dystonia | 4 (3.4%) | 3 (10.3%) | 3 (23.1%) | 1 (8.3%) | 10 (5.8%) |
| Jaw-deviation dystonia | 2 (1.7%) | 0 | 0 | 2 (16.7%) | 4 (2.3%) |
| Jaw-protrusion dystonia | 1 (0.8%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) |
| Lip dystonia | 1 (0.8%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.6%) |
| Stereotypy (N (%)) | 118 (100%) | 29 (100%) | 13 (100%) | 12 (100%) | 172 (100%) |
| Task-specificity (N (%)) | 113 (95.8%) | 28 (96.6%) | 6 (46.2%) | 8 (66.7%) | 155 (90.1%) |
| Sensory tricks (N (%)) | 85 (72.0%) | 17 (58.6%) | 9 (69.2%) | 6 (50.0%) | 117 (68.2%) |
| Morning benefit (N (%)) | 92 (78.0%) | 22 (75.9%) | 4 (30.8%) | 4 (33.3%) | 122 (70.9%) |
SD, standard deviation; N, count.