Table 4.
The comparison of different lipid nanocarriers for enhancing oral vitamin delivery.
| Lipid Nanosystem | Nanoparticle Structure | Vitamins and Related Compounds Loaded |
|---|---|---|
| SEDDS | An anhydrous isotropic mixture of oil and emulsifier to spontaneously create nanoparticles in GI tract | Vitamin A, vitamin K1, vitamin K2, coenzyme Q10, lutein, and tocotrienols |
| Nanoemulsions/ microemulsions |
The isotropic or heterogeneous mixtures to form oil droplets in an aqueous system stabilized by emulsifiers | Carotenoids, vitamin D, vitamin D2, and vitamin E |
| SLNs | The crystalline lipid structure in nanoparticles composed of melt-emulsfified lipids that are solid at room temperature | Astaxanthin and tocotrienols |
| NLCs | The second-generation lipid nanoparticles composed of a mixture of liquid and solid lipids for improving physical stability | Vitamin D3 |
SEDDS, self-emulsifying drug delivery systems; SLNs, solid lipid nanoparticles; NLCs, nanostructured lipid carriers; GI, gastrointestinal.