Figure 1.

Expression of different Keratins (KRTs) family genes in various cancers. (a) Relative expression changes in KRT family genes in colon (COAD—colon adenocarcinoma) and breast (BRIC—breast invasive carcinoma) cancer compared to their normal counterparts; the data were extracted from two independent studies (Gluck breast, n = 158; Ki colon, n = 78) from the Oncomine database (Gluck et al. [24], Ki et al. [25]). All data are presented as the mean ± SEM. (** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). (b) Percent (%) alteration frequency of KRT19 in several cancer types. Data were acquired from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) portal: http://www.cbioportal.org. (c) Analysis of RNA sequencing data of KRT19 expression levels in 10 types of human cancers from the cBioPortal database (http://www.cbioportal.org). Every spot represents a single study, with white spots representing those analyzed without gene sequencing and blue spots representing normal results of gene sequencing. The levels of KRT19 expression in breast and colorectal cancer (right panel). The median and interquartile ranges are presented. (d) The expression of several keratin family members was analyzed by RT-PCR in different cancer cell lines. GAPDH was used as an internal standard, and the bar diagram shows relative expression levels (right panel). Each experiment was performed in triplicate, and data are represented as means ± standard deviations (SD) (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001). (Abbreviations: BRCA: Breast invasive carcinoma; PAAD-Pancreatic adenocarcinoma; COAD: Colon adenocarcinoma; LUAD: Lung adenocarcinoma; LIHC: Liver hepatocellular carcinoma; LUSC: Lung squamous cell carcinoma; GBM: Glioblastoma multiforme; HNSC: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; LAML: Acute myeloid leukemia; SARC: Sarcoma; OV: Ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma).