Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of participants according to the number of Healthy Lifestyle Factors (HLFs) (the SUN cohort).
| Number of Healthy Lifestyle Factors | 0–3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7–9 | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, n | 1468 | 1993 | 2599 | 2525 | 2222 | |
| Sex, women (%) | 69.8 | 68.0 | 68.3 | 66.3 | 63.7 | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 35.8 ± 10.6 | 36.5 ± 11 | 35.9 ± 10.7 | 35.9 ± 10.8 | 34.2 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index in men | 24.9 ± 2.5 | 24.6 ± 2.3 | 24.6 ± 2.3 | 24.6 ± 2.2 | 24.3 ± 2.3 | <0.001 |
| Body mass index in women | 22.0 ± 2.5 | 21.9 ± 2.5 | 21.9 ± 2.5 | 21.6 ± 2.4 | 21.6 ± 2.4 | <0.001 |
| Smoking, packs per year | 8.8 ± 10.2 | 7.1 ± 9.4 | 5.4 ± 8.1 | 4.21 ± 7.8 | 1.9 ± 5.8 | <0.001 |
| Physical activity, MET-h/week | 16.1 ± 15.2 | 21.4 ± 19.3 | 25.1 ± 21.8 | 30.3 ± 25 | 36.7 ± 26 | <0.001 |
| Mediterranean diet pattern a | 3.04 ± 1.54 | 3.56 ± 1.7 | 3.89 ± 1.73 | 4.24 ± 1.69 | 4.71 ± 1.49 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption, g/day | 8.0 ± 11.1 | 6.9 ± 9.4 | 6.2 ± 8.7 | 5.1 ± 7.1 | 3.9 ± 5.1 | <0.001 |
| Watching television, h/day | 2.27 ± 1.51 | 1.81 ± 1.4 | 1.58 ± 1.31 | 1.33 ± 1.11 | 1.09 ± 0.83 | <0.001 |
| No binge drinking (%) b | 44.3 | 60.7 | 71 | 77.2 | 86.6 | <0.001 |
| Afternoon nap, min/day | 0.3 ± 0.45 | 0.27 ± 0.39 | 0.25 ± 0.34 | 0.22 ± 0.29 | 0.22 ± 0.22 | <0.001 |
| Meeting up with friends, h/day | 1.11 ± 1 | 1.24 ± 1.05 | 1.34 ± 1.09 | 1.39 ± 1 | 1.54 ± 1.03 | <0.001 |
| Working ≥40 h/week (%) | 25.4 | 37.7 | 49.2 | 60.6 | 76.3 | <0.001 |
| Sleeping, h/day | 7.5 ± 1.1 | 7.4 ± 1 | 7.4 ± 1 | 7.4 ± 0.9 | 7.4 ± 0.9 | 0.011 |
| Depression disease (%) | 12.7 | 11.2 | 10.7 | 9.2 | 9.3 | 0.001 |
| Prevalent cardiovascular disease (%) c | 1.43 | 2.06 | 1.89 | 1.43 | 1.53 | 0.512 |
| Prevalent cancer (%) | 3.07 | 3.21 | 2.89 | 3.05 | 2.43 | 0.826 |
| Education level | <0.001 | |||||
| No college (%) | 8.86 | 9.13 | 8.96 | 10.18 | 10.26 | |
| College (%) | 26.6 | 22.9 | 25.2 | 23.1 | 21.1 | |
| Postgraduate (%) | 51.2 | 51.9 | 49.5 | 47.9 | 49.1 | |
| Master’s (%) | 5.93 | 7.02 | 7.7 | 8.08 | 8.51 | |
| Doctorate (%) | 7.43 | 9.03 | 8.66 | 10.73 | 10.98 | |
| On any special diet (%) | 4.36 | 6.77 | 5.73 | 6.81 | 7.25 | 0.003 |
| Caloric consumption | 2282 ± 607 | 2302 ± 594 | 2359 ± 603 | 2392 ± 606 | 2428 ± 593 | <0.001 |
a Trichopoulou score (from 0 to 8, with alcohol consumption excluded). b Less than 5 alcoholic drinks at any time. c Atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal tachycardia, coronFary artery bypass surgery or another revascularization procedure, heart failure, aortic aneurysm, pulmonary embolism, or peripheral venous thrombosis.