The effect of the ethyl acetate fraction of 80% EtOH extract from the stems of P. nigra var. henosis (PN3) on NF-E2-related factor (Nrf2) activation and Nrf2 target gene expression. (A) Time courses of nuclear Nrf2 (nNrf2) translocation in HepG2 cells treated with 100 µg/mL PN3. The Nrf2 protein was immunoblotted from the nuclear fractions of cells that had been incubated with PN3 for 1 to 6 h. (B) Varying concentrations of PN3 for 3 h on nuclear Nrf2 translocation in HepG2 cells. Nuclear Nrf2 protein was immunoblotted from cells treated with PN3 (25–100 µg/mL). (C) HepG2 cells were treated with 100 µg/mL PN3 for 1 to 12 h. The proteins, HO-1, GCL, and NQO1, were immunoblotted from the lysates of cells. (D) The expression of Nrf2 target genes in HepG2 cells treated with indicated concentrations of PN3 for 12 h. (E,F) The effect of PN3 on the expression of Nrf2 target genes in mouse primary hepatocytes. Primary hepatocytes were incubated for varying times (3–12 h) and at different concentrations (25–100 µg/mL) of PN3. Data represent the mean ± S.D. of 3 replicates; * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, significant versus vehicle-treated control.