The cytoprotective effects of major polyphenols of the PN3. (A) HepG2 cells were incubated with AA (15 h) + iron (1 h) and/or 30 µM major polyphenols of PN3 (catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, or p-coumaric acid). Cells were stained with 10 µM DCFH-DA for 30 min at 37 °C. Intracellular fluorescence intensities were measured using a fluorescence microplate reader. (B) The GSH concentrations were measured in the lysates of cells treated with AA (15 h) + iron (2 h) and/or 30 µM of major polyphenols of PN3. (C) Cell viability. Cells were treated with AA (15 h) + iron (6 h) and/or 30 µM major polyphenols of PN3 (catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, or p-coumaric acid). Data represent the mean ± SD of three replicates; ** p < 0.01, significant versus vehicle-treated control; #
p < 0.05, ##
p < 0.01, significant versus AA + iron alone.