Table 1.

Global prevalence of major human helminths and regions.

Disease	Major parasite	Global prevalence (Million)	Regions of prevalence	Reference
Soil-transmitted Helminths
Hookworm	Necator americanus; Ancylostoma duodenale	740–1300	Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Asia, and the Caribbean	Kumar et al. (2014); WHO, 2017
Ascariasis	Ascaris lumbricoides	1221–1472	Southeast Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America	Kumar et al. (2014); WHO, 2017
Strongyloidiasis	Strongyloides stercoralis	30–100	Tropical and subtropical countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America	Hotez et al. (2008)
Trichuriasis	Trichuris trichiura	750–1050	Tropical Asia, Africa and South America	Kumar et al. (2014); WHO, 2017
Filarial nematodes
Lymphatic filariasis	Brugia malayi; Wuchereria bancrofti	120	Tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia, South and Central America and Nations of Pacific Island	Taylor et al. (2010)
Loiasis	Loa loa	13	West and Central Africa	Hotez et al. (2008)
Onchocerciasis (river blindness)	Onchocerca volvulus	37	Sub-Saharan Africa, Yemen and isolated areas of South America	Hotez et al. (2008)
Dracunculiasis	Dracunculus medinensis	0.01	Chad, Ethiopia and Mali	Hotez et al. (2008)
Platyhelminth flukes
Schistosomiasis	Schistosoma mansoni; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma japonicum	200–209	Africa, Middle East, Brazil, Venezuela, the Caribbean, Suriname, China, Indonesia, the Philippines and France	WHO, 2012
Food-borne trematodiases	Clonorchis sinensis; Fasciolopsis buski; Opisthorchis viverinni; Paragonimus spp; Fasciola hepatica	56	East Asia and South America	Torgerson et al. (2014)
Platyhelminth tapeworms
Cysticercosis	Taenia solium; Echinococcus species; Taenia saginata	0.4	Latin America, West Africa, India, Russia, North-East China, Pakistan and Southeast Asia	Hotez et al. (2008); Torgerson et al. (2014)