Fig. 3.

Overexpression of different domains of qPE9–1 generated grains of different lengths and weights. a Several constructs covering different domains of qPE9–1. D1 contained the GGL domain and lacked three VWFC domains. D2, D3, and D4 contained the GGL domain and different numbers of VWFC domains. FL, full-length qPE9–1 protein. b Comparisons of grains from wild-type and transgenic plants carrying different constructs. Bar = 1 cm. c Comparison of grain length between wild-type and overexpressing transgenic plants. d Comparison of 1000-grain weight between wild-type and overexpressing transgenic plants. Data are the average of two independent transgenic lines and are shown as means ± SDs (n = 30). Student’s t-test: ** P < 0.01