Fig. 5.

Working-age population in China by education and health under early retirement schemes adjusted from 2015 to 2040. The early retirement schemes include A (the current retirement ages remain unchanged) as the reference scheme, B_e (everyone will prolong retirement by 5 years from 2015 to 2040), C_e (females will retire at 60 and male at 65 from 2015 to 2040), D1_e (everyone will retire at 65 from 2015 to 2040), D2_e (everyone will retire at 65 from 2015 to 2040 with females adjusted first). An individual is categorized as “disabled” if he or she self-reported to be “unable to carry out regular work and daily activities,” or to be “not sure about their health status.” Those who reported “not sure” were less than 2% and the majority of them are older than age 70. The “healthy” category includes those who self-reported as “healthy” or as “basically can carry out regular work and daily activities”