Figure 3.

Proposed model by which polyphenols may modulate oxidative stress-induced pathways including Ang II, VEGF and TNFα. These inflammatory pathways activate common signaling pathways associated with Akt/mTOR/PGC-1α and NF-κB/Nox(s)/MMP pathways. Polyphenols from fruits, vegetables and olive oil inhibit these signaling pathways at different levels. Overall, polyphenols found in the Mediterranean diet reduce inflammation and oxidative stress pathways associated with senescence. Mitochondrial ROS (MitoROS), which is upregulated during aging and by activation of Ang II signaling pathway is also reduced by polyphenols.